Biology 252Lecture Chapter 20 21 22 23 24 practice questions
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The heart is located in the

  • mediastinum of the peritoneum
  • mediastinum, which is located in the thoracic cavity. (correct)
  • thoracic cavity, which is located in the mediastinum.
  • mediastinum of the peritoneum

    • The pericardial cavity is between the

  • endocardium and myocardium
  • visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium (correct)
  • fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium
  • fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium

    • The function of the pericardial fluid is to

  • lubricate the heart valves.
  • replace any blood that is lost.
  • replace any blood that is lost.
  • reduce friction between the pericardial membranes (correct)

    • Another name for the visceral pericardium is the

    <p>epicardium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

    <p>myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood vessels enter and exit from the ____ of the heart.

    <p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coronary sulcus is a groove on the outside of the heart that marks the division between

    <p>atria and ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the .

    <p>left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cardiac veins empty into the ____ which then empties into the ____.

    <p>coronary sinus; right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial

    <p>infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the

    <p>pulmonary semilunar valve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chordae tendineae

    <p>connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skeleton of the heart

    <p>anchors cardiac muscle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle.

    <p>aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right side of the heart acts as a pump for the

    <p>pulmonary circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraction of the papillary muscles would

    <p>prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the superior vena cava will enter the ____.

    <p>right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the right ventricle, blood flows directly into the ____.

    <p>pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heart chambers is correctly associated with the blood vessel that enters or leaves it?

    <p>right ventricle - pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

    <p>SA node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sequences is correct?

    <p>SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Action potentials pass from one myocardial cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called

    <p>gap junctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ventricular contraction begins at the

    <p>AV bundle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action potentials are slowed at the AV node to allow the

    <p>ventricles to completely empty of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

    <p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The period of time in which the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation is called the

    <p>absolute refractory period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal electrocardiogram, the

    <p>QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The P wave of an ECG indicates

    <p>atrial depolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular

    <p>systole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle,

    <p>the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the

    <p>aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

    <p>vibrations that occur when the valves close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

    <p>left atrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the

    <p>stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the

    <p>cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased vagal stimulation would cause

    <p>the heart rate to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will increase the heart rate?

    <p>an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in the

    <p>medulla oblongata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events occurs first in myocardial cell?

    <p>threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cells of the heart's normal pacemaker

    <p>spontaneously generate electrical signals about 70 to 80 times per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

    <p>artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lining of a capillary is called the

    <p>endothelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of

    <p>capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries?

    <p>kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is moved through the vascular system by

    <p>pressure gradients created by the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the

    <p>tunica media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the

    <p>elastic arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes arteries?

    <p>strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Valves similar to semilunar valves are found in some

    <p>veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vasa vasorum

    <p>are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the

    <p>tunica media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

    <p>thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the

    <p>subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver?

    <p>celiac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 20: The Heart

    • The heart is located in the mediastinum, specifically within the thoracic cavity.
    • The pericardial cavity is between the fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium.
    • Another name for the visceral pericardium is the epicardium.
    • The myocardium forms the bulk of the heart wall.
    • Blood vessels enter and exit the heart from the base.
    • The coronary sulcus is a groove that distinguishes atria from ventricles.

    Chapter 20: Additional Information

    • Pericardial fluid reduces friction between pericardial membranes.
    • Blood in pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium.
    • All cardiac veins empty into the coronary sinus.
    • Myocardial infarction (necrosis) results from decreased myocardial blood flow.
    • The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the pulmonary semilunar valve.
    • Chordae tendineae connect the AV valves to papillary muscles.
    • The skeleton of the heart anchors cardiac muscle fibers and prevents backflow.
    • The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle.
    • The right side of the heart pumps blood for pulmonary circulation.

    Chapter 21: Blood Vessels

    • Blood travels through arterioles, arteries, capillaries, venules, and veins.
    • Capillaries have endothelium.
    • The exchange of nutrients and gases occurs in capillaries.
    • Arteries are strong, elastic and carry blood under high pressure.
    • Veins have thinner walls, valves, and carry blood under lower pressure

    Chapter 21: Additional Information

    • The cardioregulatory center is in the medulla oblongata.
    • The heart's normal pacemaker cells generate electrical signals at 70-80 times per minute.
    • Pacemaker cells are in the interventricular septum.
    • The P wave represents atrial depolarization.
    • Systole refers to ventricular contraction.

    Chapter 22: Lymphatic System

    • Lymph capillaries are not found in muscles.
    • Structurally, lymph vessels are similar to veins.
    • Lymph movement is assisted by skeletal muscle contraction and pressure changes in the thorax.
    • Lymph nodes contain reticular fibers and lymphatic tissue.
    • The thoracic duct drains lymph into the left subclavian vein.

    Chapter 23: Respiration

    • Internal respiration is gas exchange between the blood and body tissues.
    • The structure that connects the mouth and nose to the esophagus is the pharynx.
    • The trachea is a passageway for air and food.
    • Alveoli are where gas exchange occurs.
    • Surfactant decreases surface tension in alveoli.

    Chapter 23: Additional Information

    • The volume of air available for gas exchange is called minute respiratory volume
    • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged via diffusion.
    • An increased respiratory membrane surface area increases gas exchange.
    • Oxygen is primarily transported by combining with hemoglobin.
    • Most carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions.

    Chapter 24: Digestive System

    • Stomach, salivary glands and gallbladder are part of the digestive tract.
    • Mastication increases the surface area of food.
    • The sequence of layers in the digestive tract wall is mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
    • Major functions of the large intestine include making vitamins, reabsorbing water and forming feces..
    • The pancreas has both exocrine (digestion) and endocrine (hormones) functions.

    Chapter 24: Additional Information

    • The chemosensitive area of the brain is located in the medulla.
    • The pontine respiratory center is part of the respiratory rhythm.
    • Retroperitoneal means located behind the abdominal lining.

    Chapter 25: Digestive System – Additional Details

    • Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
    • Bile is produced by liver cells.
    • Hepatocytes are liver cells that remove glucose, produce proteins and detoxify harmful substances
    • Pancreatic islets are the endocrine pancreas.
    • Longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the wall of the large intestine are called taeniae coli.

    Chapter 26: Digestive System – Further Points

    • Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile.
    • The pyloric pump mixes food in the stomach and forces it into the small intestine.
    • Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that digest all the major food groups.
    • The duodenum and jejunum are major sites of nutrient absorption.
    • The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.

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    Bio 252 Fall 24 Class Test #3 Study Guide

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and functions of the heart in this quiz covering Chapter 20. Learn about the structure of the heart, including its various components such as the myocardium, pericardial cavity, and heart valves. Test your knowledge on blood flow and cardiac anatomy essentials.

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