Biology Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the Central Nervous System?

  • To transmit sensory information to the brain
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To control and coordinate all essential functions of the human body (correct)
  • To send motor signals to muscles and glands

    • What is the term for the process of bringing together, processing, and interpreting information received from sensory, motor, or mixed nerves?

  • Motor function
  • Sensory function
  • Stimuli
  • Integration (correct)

    • What is the term for the information gathered by the nervous system from sensory receptors?

  • Stimuli
  • Nervous response
  • Sensory input (correct)
  • Motor output

    • Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending information to muscles, glands, and organs?

    <p>Motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Spinal Cord in the Nervous System?

    <p>To transmit sensory information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

    <p>To regulate involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the changes that occur inside and outside the body that are detected by sensory receptors?

    <p>Stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System?

    <p>To transmit sensory information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the majority of nerves classified as?

    <p>Mixed nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is responsible for controlling skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

    <p>Bringing the body back to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are responsible for controlling facial expressions?

    <p>Facial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Vagus nerves?

    <p>Regulating breathing and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Trigeminal nerves?

    <p>Regulating jaw movements and sensations in the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons make up the Sympathetic Nervous System?

    <p>Motor neurons that stimulate internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated proportion of glial cells to neurons in the human brain?

    <p>Equal in number to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of the nervous system in vertebrate species?

    <p>Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Central Nervous System?

    <p>To integrate incoming sensory information and issue instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nerves in the Peripheral Nervous System?

    <p>Efferent and Afferent Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

    <p>To provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System?

    <p>To connect the CNS to every other part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body, controlling and coordinating all essential functions of the human body.

    Functions of the Nervous System

    • Sensory function: monitors changes inside and outside the body, gathering information through sensory receptors.
    • Integrative function: processes and interprets information, making decisions about what to do.
    • Motor function: sends information to muscles, glands, and organs to respond correctly.

    Cells of the Nervous System

    • Two main categories: neurons and glial cells.
    • Neurons: specialized cells transmitting nerve impulses.
    • Glial cells: non-neuronal cells providing support, nutrition, and maintaining homeostasis.

    Structural Classification of the Nervous System

    • Consists of two main parts: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

    Central Nervous System

    • Consists of the brain and spinal cord, acting as integrating and command centers.
    • Integrates incoming sensory information and issues instructions based on past experience and current condition.

    Peripheral Nervous System

    • Consists of nerves outside the CNS, connecting the CNS to every other part of the body.
    • 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
    • Nerves can be motor, sensory, or mixed.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Has two functional divisions: autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
    • Autonomic nervous system: controls automatic body functions, such as saliva production, breathing, and digestion.
    • Somatic nervous system: controls deliberately produced body functions, such as skeletal muscles.

    Functional Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

    • Sympathetic nervous system: prepares the body for stress, stimulating internal organs.
    • Parasympathetic nervous system: brings things back to normal, inhibiting internal organs.

    Cranial Nerves

    • 12 pairs of cranial nerves, each with specific functions, such as:
      • Olfactory nerves: smell
      • Optic nerves: vision
      • Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens: eye movements
      • Trigeminal nerves: jaw movements and facial sensation
      • Facial nerves: facial expressions
      • Auditory nerves: sounds
      • Glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves: tasting, chewing, and swallowing
      • Vagus nerves: breathing, blood circulation, and digestion
      • Spinal accessory nerves: detect changes in neck and back muscles

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    Description

    Learn about the biological basis of behavior, focusing on the nervous system as the master controlling and communicating system of the body.

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