Biology Chapter 2: Systematic Biology and Taxonomy

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What does Numerical Systematics primarily deal with?

The study of mutation and genetic divergence

The classification and identification of organisms using biostatistics (correct)

The evolutionary history of organisms

The biochemical analysis of cellular protoplasm

What is the science of the diversity of organisms?

Biosystematics (correct)

Ecology

Taxonomy

Evolutionary Biology

What is the primary goal of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature?

To study the biodiversity of organisms

To provide a set of rules for naming plants (correct)

To establish a universal system of classification

To develop a system of biostatistics

Which branch of Systematic Biology deals with the evolutionary relationships of organisms?

Phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the remains of extinct organisms and their evolutionary history?

Paleontology Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Biochemical Systematics?

The classification of organisms based on biochemical analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

To promote the conservation of biological diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the branch of Systematic Biology that deals with the classification and naming of organisms?

Taxonomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Experimental Systematics?

The identification and classification of organisms based on evolutionary units Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the external physical features of organisms?

Morphology Signup and view all the answers

What is the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature?

A widely accepted convention for the formal scientific naming of animals Signup and view all the answers

What is an apomorphy in the context of phylogenetics?

A characteristic different from the form found in an ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapomorphy?

A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plesiomorphy?

An evolutionary trait that is homologous with a particular group of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a symplesiomorphy?

A plesiomorphy shared by two or more taxa. Signup and view all the answers

What is a monophyletic group?

A group of organisms that descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a paraphyletic group?

A group of organisms that descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, but not including all the descendant groups. Signup and view all the answers

Who is commonly referred to as the 'Father of Taxonomy'?

Carl von Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of constructing the evolutionary history of organisms?

Phylogenetics Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with proposing the 'Biological Species Concept'?

Ernst Walter Mayr Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of organisms consisting of a single ancestor and all its descendants?

Clade Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Binomial System of Nomenclature?

To assign a unique two-part name to each species Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an assigned name to a particular taxonomic category or level of classification?

Taxon Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do sauropsids, which include reptiles, birds, and mammals, have in common?

Their embryos are covered by a protective amnion Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyphyletic group of organisms?

A group of organisms that have evolved from different recent common ancestors Signup and view all the answers

According to the Three-Domain Scheme, what is the domain that includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who introduced the Three-Domain Scheme of organisms?

Carl Woese Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the kingdom that includes organisms such as cocci, bacilli, and spirilla?

Eubacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a set of organisms that have evolved from a recent common ancestor?

Monophyletic group Signup and view all the answers