Biology Chapter 2 Quiz

<p>Cytosol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organization of structures within the cell determines its specific capabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each cell type possesses a unique set of genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual and collective actions of cells are essential for the organism's survival and function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Does not metastasize (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport chromosomes toward the poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers the transition from interphase to mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis is triggered by injury, while necrosis is programmed cell death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those that bind to kinetochore protein on the centromere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create the cleavage furrow that divides the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centromere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing and packaging proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular waste and foreign substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through division of preexisting peroxisomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation of mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generation of ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherical bodies without a membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doubling of DNA and cytoplasmic growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of glycolipids in nerve cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to and transport substances across the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical nature of the membrane (A), The size and shape of the diffusing molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Channel-mediated diffusion involves the formation of a channel through the membrane, while carrier-mediated diffusion involves the binding of a substance to a transporter protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to and transport water molecules across the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than a hypertonic solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary active transport uses energy directly from ATP hydrolysis, while secondary active transport uses energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a low concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of K+ in the cytosol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP split (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate the inward rush of Na+ with glucose or amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To uptake specific substances by binding to receptor proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases Na+ concentration gradient across the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocytosis involves merging of vesicles with lysosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microfilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing and packaging proteins for export. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can transport substances both into and out of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of microtubules and mitotic spindle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiporters transport two substances in opposite directions, symporters transport two in the same direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can form aggregates called inclusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesize proteins for the plasma membrane or for export. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing a structural framework for the cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral transmembrane proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a sticky surface for cell-cell interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (O2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease membrane fluidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires cellular energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion requires a transporter protein, while simple diffusion does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The membrane only allows certain substances to pass through. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor proteins in the membrane or to other cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic living unit of structure and function in all organisms.

A flexible barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, regulating what enters and exits.

The jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and cytosol.

The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA).

The process by which a cell increases in size and mass, preparing for division.

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions for the cell.

The variety of cell types and their functions in the human body, totaling about 200 different types.

Movement of particles from high to low concentration until equilibrium.

Key elements influencing the rate of diffusion include concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area.

Process where transmembrane proteins assist solutes in passing through the membrane.

Proteins that bind substances and undergo conformational changes to transport them across membranes.

Net movement of water through a membrane from high to low water concentration.

Solution where water concentration is equal inside and outside the cell, leading to no net movement.

Solution where water concentration is higher outside the cell, potentially causing hemolysis.

Solution where water concentration is lower outside the cell, causing crenation.

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from ATP.

A primary active transport protein maintaining Na+ low and K+ high inside cells using ATP.

A membrane protein that moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in using ATP energy.

Uses ion gradients to move substances against their concentration gradient.

A transporter that moves two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

A transporter that moves two substances in opposite directions across a membrane.

A drug that slows the sodium pump in heart cells, increasing Ca2+ levels.

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents.

The process of taking substances into the cell via vesicles.

'Cell eating' process where cells engulf large particles or bacteria.

'Cell drinking' where cells take in liquid and small molecules.

Selective process where ligands bind to receptors and enter cells.

Network of protein filaments that provide support and shape to the cell.

The thinnest filaments, primarily composed of actin, for shape and movement.

Membrane network with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and processing.

Membrane network without ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.

Describes the plasma membrane's structure as a bilayer of lipids with dispersed proteins.

Two layers of phospholipid molecules forming the main structure of the cell membrane.

Lipids with bound carbohydrate groups, contributing to the cell membrane's structure and function.

20% of membrane lipids, it stabilizes membrane fluidity and reduces permeability.

Proteins that extend into or across the cell membrane, vital for transport and signaling.

Proteins located on the inner or outer surface of the membrane, easily removed.

Movement of substances across the membrane without energy input, down their concentration gradient.

The cell membrane's ability to allow some substances to pass while blocking others.

Differences in the concentration of a substance across a space, driving diffusion.

Combined difference in concentration and charge across a membrane, influencing ion movement.

Integral proteins that form passages to allow specific substances to cross the membrane.

Transport of materials across the cell membrane in small vesicles (exocytosis or endocytosis).

The stage in interphase where DNA is replicated.

The first stage of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

A stage in mitosis where chromatids align in the middle of the cell.

The stage of mitosis where chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis characterized by the reformation of the nucleus.

The division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells.

A protein that regulates the cell cycle by initiating mitosis.

Programmed cell death that occurs when triggered.

An increase in the number of cells, often seen in tumors.

The multistep process of cancer development.

Organelles made of flattened sacs that process and package proteins from the rough ER.

A genetic disorder caused by improper secretion of chloride ion pump from the Golgi, leading to thick mucus buildup.

Membranous vesicles that contain digestive enzymes, formed in the Golgi complex.

A genetic disorder in children, due to absence of a lysosomal enzyme, leading to nerve cell dysfunction.

Small membranous vesicles that oxidize organic materials and detoxify harmful substances.

Double-membraned organelles that generate ATP, known as the powerhouse of the cell.

The control center containing DNA in chromosomes, which directs protein synthesis.

The process of copying DNA to synthesize messenger RNA.

The process where mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence to form proteins.

The series of events that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including interphase and mitosis.