Questions and Answers
What do nucleic acids include?
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is ______.
tenfold
The maximum number of electrons found in the innermost (first) electron shell is?
2
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of?
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
Signup and view all the answers
What does pH measure?
Signup and view all the answers
Carbonic acid consists of one carbon, two hydrogen atoms, and three oxygen atoms. What is the correct molecular formula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not organic?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
Signup and view all the answers
Glycogen is stored in the liver and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
Signup and view all the answers
What are saturated fats compared to unsaturated fats?
Signup and view all the answers
In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids consist of RNA and DNA, essential for genetic information storage and transfer.
pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration
- The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions of pH 4 and pH 5 is tenfold.
- pH measures the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution, crucial for understanding acidity and alkalinity.
Electron Shells
- The first electron shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
- The second electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons.
- The third electron shell also holds a maximum of 8 electrons.
Cations
- Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of cations, positively charged due to the loss of electrons.
Thyroid Gland Function
- The thyroid gland uses iodine in synthesis reactions, critical for metabolism regulation.
Water Molecule Polarity
- Water is a polar molecule, with slight charges due to unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen.
Chemical Reactions
- A decomposition reaction is symbolized by the equation AB → A + B.
- Hydrolysis is involved when table sugar breaks down into glucose and fructose.
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Classify compounds based on their compositions and properties as organic or inorganic.
Subatomic Particles
- Electrons are the subatomic particles that participate in chemical bond formation.
- Isotopes of an element vary in the number of neutrons, leading to different atomic weights.
Protein Structure and Function
- Proteins are classified based on their chemical structure and functions in the body, including enzymes and structural components.
Organic Compounds
- Lipids are hydrophobic; triglycerides consist of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol, while phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, connected by peptide bonds.
Ionizing Radiation
- Exposure to ionizing radiation, like cosmic and gamma radiation, can harm cells and potentially cause cancer.
Nucleotide Composition
- Nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids, consist of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
Chemical Bonding
- Covalent bonds involve the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms; atoms will adjust electron shells to achieve stability.
Glycogen Storage
- Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, serving as a form of energy storage.
Miscellaneous Facts
- A water solution with equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions is considered neutral.
- Sodium chloride is categorized as an inorganic compound, contrasting with organic compounds like carbohydrates and lipids.
- The atomic weight of an element with 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is 16.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Biology Chapter 2 with these flashcards. Cover essential terms such as nucleic acids, reactions, and components of matter, along with their definitions. Perfect for quick revision and strengthening your understanding of biological principles.
