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Questions and Answers
Amino acid is to protein as:
Amino acid is to protein as:
a = Monosaccharide is to starch b = Fat is to lipid c = Sugar is to fat d = DNA is to RNA
Which of the following is a polymer?
Which of the following is a polymer?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
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Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the:
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the:
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A monosaccharide is a:
A monosaccharide is a:
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Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
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Which statement is true?
Which statement is true?
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Hormones are examples of:
Hormones are examples of:
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Which of the following can be considered a carbohydrate monomer?
Which of the following can be considered a carbohydrate monomer?
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Many amino acids join together to form:
Many amino acids join together to form:
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___________ contain the instructions for making proteins in our bodies.
___________ contain the instructions for making proteins in our bodies.
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Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in an approximate ratio of...
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in an approximate ratio of...
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Which of the following are used as parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings?
Which of the following are used as parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings?
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Lactose is formed from two sugar monomers. It is therefore considered to be a ____________.
Lactose is formed from two sugar monomers. It is therefore considered to be a ____________.
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___________ fats, such as those in vegetables, tend to be better for you than other fats.
___________ fats, such as those in vegetables, tend to be better for you than other fats.
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What joins together to form the different nucleic acids?
What joins together to form the different nucleic acids?
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When the amino acids in a polypeptide chain coil, it has a ____________ structure.
When the amino acids in a polypeptide chain coil, it has a ____________ structure.
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What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
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The active site is found on:
The active site is found on:
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Reactants in an enzyme-controlled reaction are referred to as:
Reactants in an enzyme-controlled reaction are referred to as:
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An unknown substance placed into a solution caused a chemical reaction to take place faster and at a lower temperature than usual. The substance probably was:
An unknown substance placed into a solution caused a chemical reaction to take place faster and at a lower temperature than usual. The substance probably was:
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The basic structure of many lipids is:
The basic structure of many lipids is:
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
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A large starch is broken down by the following process:
A large starch is broken down by the following process:
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Study Notes
Proteins and Amino Acids
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
- Proteins are polymers composed of multiple amino acids.
- Functions of proteins include controlling reactions, building tissues, and fighting disease; they do not store genetic information.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are proteins with a specific structure that allows them to catalyze reactions efficiently.
- They function best at certain pH levels and are specific to substrates; however, they do not work with many different substrates.
- Enzymes accelerate the speed of chemical reactions in cells, affecting reaction rates rather than temperature, pH, or products.
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, serving as monomers for more complex carbohydrates.
- The main source of energy for living organisms is carbohydrates.
- Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, which contain instructions for protein synthesis.
- RNA molecules are constructed from nucleotides.
Lipids
- Lipids play crucial roles in biological membranes and hydrophobic barriers.
- Unsaturated fats (commonly found in vegetables) are typically considered healthier than saturated fats.
- The basic structure of many lipids consists of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction transforms one set of chemicals into another.
- Activation energy is necessary to initiate reactions; enzymes lower this energy threshold.
- Hydrolysis is a process that breaks down larger molecules, such as starch, into simpler sugars.
Other Key Concepts
- Disaccharides, like lactose, consist of two monosaccharide units.
- The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds.
- Reactants in enzyme-controlled reactions are categorized as substrates.
- A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.
- Secondary structure in proteins refers to the coiling or folding of polypeptide chains.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential biological concepts with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 2. This quiz focuses on the relationships between amino acids, proteins, polymers, and the functions of proteins. Sharpen your understanding of foundational biology terms and their significance.
