Biology Chapter 2: Characteristics of Life

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of life?

The word "theory" in science has the same meaning as its everyday usage, often implying speculation or a guess.

What two components contribute to the "information" characteristic of life?

The ______ theory states that all organisms are made up of cells.

Match the following biological theories with their respective explanations:

What is the name given to the building blocks of DNA?

The cell theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

What is the name of the process by which cells acquire chemical energy in the form of ATP?

The ______ dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

The chromosomal theory of inheritance proposes that genetic information is encoded in genes located on chromosomes.

What are the four building blocks of DNA?

Changes in DNA sequences can lead to changes in ______, which can result in heritable variations.

Which of the following is an example of a testable statement that can be investigated through experimentation?

Who made the claims regarding the natural world that species are related by common ancestry and characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation?

Natural selection leads to the evolution of new species directly.

What is the term used for the change in characteristics of a population over time?

Natural selection acts on individuals, while ___ occurs in populations.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

What does a phylogenetic tree indicate about species?

Individuals of a species must have heritable traits for natural selection to occur.

What is meant by 'descent with modification'?

Which type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Anions are positively charged ions.

What is the primary reason water is known as an excellent solvent?

The __________ structure of ice makes it less dense than liquid water.

What determines the number of bonds an atom can make?

Match the bond types with their characteristics:

Cohesion refers to the attraction between unlike molecules.

What are hydrophobic molecules?

Water has __________ bonds that contribute to its cohesive properties.

How does water behave when it freezes compared to when it is a liquid?

A substance that acquires protons is considered a ______.

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.

Which of the following is NOT a type of interaction that contributes to the tertiary structure of a protein?

What is the primary structural difference between RNA and DNA?

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Which of the following is an example of a macromolecule?

The process of linking monomers together to form polymers is called ______.

What is the significance of the R-group in an amino acid?

The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain.

Which level of protein structure is characterized by the formation of alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets?

Proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins are called ______.

What is the function of an enzyme's active site?

DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule that functions as the primary information storage molecule in living organisms.

Which type of bond links the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

DNA replication is a semi-conservative process, meaning that each new DNA molecule contains one ______ strand and one ______ strand.

What type of organisms have a nucleus?

All prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

What is the leading explanation of the origin of life on Earth?

The four types of atoms that make up 96% of matter in organisms are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and ______.

Which part of the atom has a positive charge?

The atomic weight of an element is the average of all its naturally occurring isotopes.

What is the mass of one mole of an atom expressed in grams equal to?

Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:

Which statement best describes isotopes?

Electrons in the outermost shell are called core electrons.

What term is used for the unstable isotopes?

Atoms become more stable by forming ______ bonds.

What defines the mass number of an atom?

Each proton and neutron has a mass of approximately one dalton.

How many moles are in $6.022 imes 10^{23}$ atoms?

What happens to the water molecules when many hydrogen bonds are broken?

Chemical reactions can only occur in one direction.

What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers?

Acids are substances that give up ______ in a solution.

Match the type of reaction with its description:

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Hydrolysis reactions result in the formation of polymers.

What structural role does the R-group play in amino acids?

The ______ law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Match the following protein structures with their descriptions:

What impact does a change in the primary structure of a protein have?

Proteins are fundamentally important to all tasks required by cells.

Define what an oligomer is in terms of proteins.

An exothermic reaction ______ heat to the surroundings.

What role do buffers play in biological systems?