Biology Chapter 2: Cell Theory Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of life referred to in cell theory?

Organelle

Cell (correct)

Tissue

Organ system

Which scientist is known for disproving the Theory of Spontaneous Generation?

Rudolf Virchow

Francisco Redi (correct)

Robert Hooke

Theodor Schwann

Which of the following structures must be present in all cells?

Cell wall

Cell membrane (correct)

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus with membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is part of the modern cell statements?

Cells contain Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cell theory in relation to health and disease?

To support vaccine development and medical research. Signup and view all the answers

According to cell theory, what occurs during the division of cells?

Cells pass their hereditary information. Signup and view all the answers

Matthias Schleiden contributed to cell theory by declaring the existence of which type of cells?

Plant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Controls entry and exit of substances Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of mitosis?

Cells arise from pre-existing cells with the same chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in energy production?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts convert solar energy into?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi Apparatus?

Processes, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is housed in which structure?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Vacuoles in plant cells can occupy what percentage of the cell's volume?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of meiosis?

Reduction of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plane?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cancer cells compared to normal cells?

They do not follow density-dependent inhibition Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitotic spindle?

To separate chromosomes during mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of independent assortment in meiosis?

It contributes to genetic variation in gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the final separation of the cytoplasm during cell division?

Cleavage furrow or cell plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step during interphase that prepares a cell for mitosis?

Replication of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Prophase of meiosis?

Chromosomes condense and pair up. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes Telophase II?

Four haploid cells are produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for the fluidity of the membrane?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of channel proteins in passive transport?

To form openings that allow particles to pass through. Signup and view all the answers

How does passive transport differ from active transport?

Passive transport moves particles from higher to lower concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What type of particles can immediately pass through a semi-permeable membrane?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes peripheral proteins?

They are present only on one side of the bilayer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of crossing over during meiosis primarily responsible for?

Recombining genetic material from parents. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

The basic unit of life is the cell.
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
New cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Spontaneous Generation

Louis Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

Cell Structure

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA are present in all cells.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Modern Cell Theory

Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms.
All living organisms are composed of cells.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

Cell Theory and Health

Cell theory is crucial for understanding health and disease, as it helps explain how cells function, how they can be damaged, and how they repair themselves.

Cell Division

Cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Matthias Schleiden

Matthias Schleiden declared the existence of plant cells.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes synthesize proteins.

Mitosis

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Energy Production

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production.

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose through photosynthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Genetic Material

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is housed in the nucleus.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles in plant cells can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells).

Metaphase

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell.

Cancer Cells

Cancer cells have uncontrolled growth and division compared to normal cells.

Anaphase

During anaphase, chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle is a structure composed of microtubules that guides chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis.

Independent Assortment

Independent assortment during meiosis results in genetic variation.

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final separation of the cytoplasm during cell division.

Interphase

DNA replication occurs during interphase, preparing the cell for mitosis.

Prophase I

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material during prophase I of meiosis.

Telophase II

Telophase II results in four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Cell Membrane Fluidity

Phospholipids are responsible for the fluidity of the cell membrane.

Channel Proteins

Channel proteins facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane.

Passive Transport

Passive transport does not require energy, whereas active transport does require energy.

Semi-Permeable Membrane

Small, nonpolar molecules can immediately pass through a semi-permeable membrane.

Peripheral Proteins

Peripheral proteins are bound to the surface of the cell membrane.

Crossing Over

Crossing over, occurring during prophase I of meiosis, increases genetic diversity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of cell theory with this quiz. Covering key scientists, the distinctions between cell types, and the principles of cell theory, this is an essential review for understanding the basics of biology. Perfect for students learning about cells and their functions.