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Biology Chapter 18 Test Review
42 Questions
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Biology Chapter 18 Test Review

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@StatelyComposite

Questions and Answers

Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as:

  • Binomial nomenclature (correct)
  • Traditional classification
  • Cladistics
  • The three domains

    • Several different classes make up a:

  • Kingdom
  • Genus
  • Family
  • Phylum (correct)

    • Which two kingdoms did Linnaeus recognize?

  • Protists and animals
  • Bacteria and animals
  • Plants and fungi
  • Plants and animals (correct)

    • Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily:

    <p>General similarities in appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sometimes organisms that are not closely related look similar because of:

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should:

    <p>Be more similar to each other than they are to other species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification was once grouped with plants?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms:

    <p>Are very numerous and diverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of organisms requires the use of:

    <p>Both large and small categories of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A genus is composed of a number of related:

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class:

    <p>Mammalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all organisms have in common?

    <p>They use DNA and RNA to pass on information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The domain that includes the kingdom Eubacteria is:

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is:

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of organisms requires the use of both _______ and _______ categories of organisms.

    <p>big and small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientists assign each type of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as ____________ ____________.

    <p>binomial nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization is referred to as a ___________.

    <p>taxon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Have scientists identified and named all organisms?

    <p>No, only a fraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scientific name, which part is capitalized?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two taxons make up a scientific name?

    <p>Genus and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second part of a scientific name is unique to each ____________.

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before Linnaeus, scientific names were problematic because they were ________________________.

    <p>In different languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many categories are in Linnaeus's system?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A genus is composed of a number of _____________.

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Several different classes make up a _____________.

    <p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two kingdoms did Linnaeus recognize?

    <p>Animalia and Plantae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List characteristics of class Mammalia.

    <p>Warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all organisms have in common?

    <p>They use DNA and RNA to pass on information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Similar genes are evidence of ___________ ___________.

    <p>Common ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organisms in kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are _____________.

    <p>Eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The domain that corresponds to kingdom Eubacteria is _____________.

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments and are without peptidoglycan in their cell walls is _______________.

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the 6 kingdoms and give an example of an organism in each kingdom.

    <p>Animalia - fish; Plantae - moss; Fungi - mushrooms; Protista - giant kelp; Archaebacteria - methanogens; Eubacteria - streptococcus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 7 taxonomic groups?

    <p>Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 domains and a characteristic of each?

    <p>Bacteria - prokaryote; Archaea - prokaryote; Eukarya - eukaryote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 6 kingdoms and 2 characteristics of each?

    <p>Eubacteria - prokaryote, auto or heterotroph; Archaebacteria - prokaryote, auto or heterotroph; Protista - eukaryote, auto or heterotroph; Fungi - eukaryote, heterotroph; Plantae - eukaryote, autotroph; Animalia - eukaryote, heterotroph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only kingdom without cell walls?

    <p>Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only kingdoms with all multicellular organisms?

    <p>Plantae and Animalia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only kingdoms with some multi and unicellular organisms?

    <p>Protista and Fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only kingdoms that are all heterotrophic organisms?

    <p>Fungi and Animalia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only kingdom with all autotrophic organisms?

    <p>Plantae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Taxonomy and Classification

    • Organisms are named using a system called binomial nomenclature, which assigns each organism a universally accepted name.
    • Linnaeus identified two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae.
    • Traditional classifications often relied on general similarities in appearance, rather than genetic information.
    • Different classes aggregate to form a phylum.
    • A single genus includes multiple related species.

    Characteristics of Organisms

    • Animals classified as Mammalia share traits such as being warm-blooded, having body hair, and producing milk for their offspring.
    • All organisms utilize DNA and RNA to transfer genetic information.
    • The kingdom Fungi consists of heterotrophs with cell walls made of chitin.

    Domains and Kingdoms

    • The domain that encompasses Eubacteria is called Bacteria.
    • Archaea includes unicellular organisms that thrive in extreme environments and lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
    • In total, there are six kingdoms:
      • Animalia (e.g., fish)
      • Plantae (e.g., moss)
      • Fungi (e.g., mushrooms)
      • Protista (e.g., giant kelp)
      • Archaebacteria (e.g., methanogens)
      • Eubacteria (e.g., streptococcus)

    Taxonomic Hierarchy

    • Linnaeus established a seven-category taxonomic framework, which includes:
      • Kingdom
      • Phylum
      • Class
      • Order
      • Family
      • Genus
      • Species
    • A taxon refers to any group at any level of this classification system.

    Characteristics and Grouping

    • Distinction among organisms helps avoid redundancy in names, as previously names were in different languages.
    • Only Animalia lacks cell walls, while Plantae consists exclusively of autotrophic organisms.
    • Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are unique in containing only multicellular organisms.
    • Both Protista and Fungi contain a mix of unicellular and multicellular organisms.
    • The kingdoms solely comprising heterotrophic organisms are Fungi and Animalia.

    Common Ancestry

    • Similar genetic make-up can indicate common ancestry among species, reinforcing evolutionary links.
    • Organisms within a genus share a greater genetic relatedness compared to those in other genera.

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    Prepare for your Chapter 18 biology test with this set of flashcards. Each card covers key terms and concepts related to classification and taxonomy, aiding in your understanding of the material. Test your knowledge and ensure you're ready for the exam!

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