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Questions and Answers
What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus's classification system?
What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus's classification system?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Why do scientists avoid using common names when discussing organisms?
Why do scientists avoid using common names when discussing organisms?
Because common names vary among languages and even among regions within a single country.
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
A two-word naming system.
How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?
How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?
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Describe the relationship between evolutionary time and the similarity of genes in two species.
Describe the relationship between evolutionary time and the similarity of genes in two species.
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What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
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How are the members of the kingdom Fungi different from members of the kingdom Plantae?
How are the members of the kingdom Fungi different from members of the kingdom Plantae?
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The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is?
The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is?
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The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the?
The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the?
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A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a?
A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a?
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What criteria are used to classify an organism?
What criteria are used to classify an organism?
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Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.
Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.
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Study Notes
Taxonomic Classification
- Linnaeus’s classification system ranks organisms in hierarchical order: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
- Kingdom is the largest and most inclusive taxonomic category.
Common Names vs. Scientific Names
- Scientists avoid common names due to variations across languages and regions, which can create confusion.
Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature is a two-word naming system for organisms, allowing precise identification.
Genetic Classification
- DNA comparisons among different organisms help establish similarities and elucidate evolutionary relationships.
Evolutionary Relationships and Genes
- Over time, as two species evolve from a common ancestor, their genetic differences increase, indicating their evolutionary distance.
Kingdoms of Life
- The current six kingdoms are: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
Fungi vs. Plantae
- Fungi are heterotrophic (obtain food from other organisms) while Plantae are autotrophic (produce their own food).
- Both kingdoms share the characteristic of being nonmotile (unable to move independently).
Taxonomy
- Taxonomy is the scientific field dedicated to classifying organisms based on various criteria.
Cladistics
- A derived character is a unique trait used to construct a cladogram, providing insights into evolutionary relationships.
Classification Criteria
- Organisms are classified considering both evolutionary relationships and structural similarities.
Evolutionary Classification Goal
- The aim of evolutionary classification is to group organisms according to their evolutionary history rather than just physical traits.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 18 of biology. This chapter focuses on Linnaeus's classification system and the importance of using scientific names over common names. Perfect for reviewing before your final exam!
