Biology Chapter 18 Final Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus's classification system?

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Why do scientists avoid using common names when discussing organisms?

Because common names vary among languages and even among regions within a single country.

What is binomial nomenclature?

A two-word naming system.

How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?

Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to establish similarities between them and reconstruct possible evolutionary relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between evolutionary time and the similarity of genes in two species.

The longer it has been since two species descended from a common ancestor, the more different their genes are likely to be. Signup and view all the answers

What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. Signup and view all the answers

How are the members of the kingdom Fungi different from members of the kingdom Plantae?

Fungi are heterotrophic; Plantae are autotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is?

Taxonomy. Signup and view all the answers

The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the?

Kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a?

Derived character. Signup and view all the answers

What criteria are used to classify an organism?

Evolutionary relationships are used as well as structural similarities of the organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.

The goal of evolutionary classification is to group organisms based on their evolutionary history instead of grouping only according to physical similarities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomic Classification

Linnaeus’s classification system ranks organisms in hierarchical order: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Kingdom is the largest and most inclusive taxonomic category.

Common Names vs. Scientific Names

Scientists avoid common names due to variations across languages and regions, which can create confusion.

Binomial Nomenclature

Binomial nomenclature is a two-word naming system for organisms, allowing precise identification.

Genetic Classification

DNA comparisons among different organisms help establish similarities and elucidate evolutionary relationships.

Evolutionary Relationships and Genes

Over time, as two species evolve from a common ancestor, their genetic differences increase, indicating their evolutionary distance.

Kingdoms of Life

The current six kingdoms are: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

Fungi vs. Plantae

Fungi are heterotrophic (obtain food from other organisms) while Plantae are autotrophic (produce their own food).
Both kingdoms share the characteristic of being nonmotile (unable to move independently).

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the scientific field dedicated to classifying organisms based on various criteria.

Cladistics

A derived character is a unique trait used to construct a cladogram, providing insights into evolutionary relationships.

Classification Criteria

Organisms are classified considering both evolutionary relationships and structural similarities.

Evolutionary Classification Goal

The aim of evolutionary classification is to group organisms according to their evolutionary history rather than just physical traits.

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 18 of biology. This chapter focuses on Linnaeus's classification system and the importance of using scientific names over common names. Perfect for reviewing before your final exam!