Questions and Answers
What is taxonomy?
The science of naming and classifying organisms.
Until the mid-1700s, what did biologists do to name a particular type of organism?
They added descriptive phrases to name the genus.
What system did Carl Linnaeus develop?
A two-word Latin system for naming organisms.
What did Carl Linnaeus name his simpler system?
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What is the unique two-part name for a species referred to as?
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What is the first word of the two-part scientific name?
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What is the second word of the two-part scientific name?
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How does one abbreviate Genus species?
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What is a genus?
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What is a species?
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What does the scientific name of an organism allow biologists to do?
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Two different types of organisms cannot have the same scientific name.
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How did the Linnaeus system begin?
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How many levels of classification are there?
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What's the first level of classification?
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What's the second level of classification?
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What's the third level of classification?
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What's the fourth level of classification?
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What's the fifth level of classification?
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What's the sixth level of classification?
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What's the seventh level of classification?
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What's the eighth level of classification?
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Each level of classification is based on what?
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At each higher level on the classification system, does the information become more general or specific?
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What is a biological species?
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Who proposed the biological species concept?
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Sometimes individuals of different species interbreed and produce offspring called what?
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When reproductive barriers between two species are not complete, the two species are...
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Modern biologists recognize species by studying what?
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How many species have been described?
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How many species may have not been discovered yet?
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Linnaeus' classification system was based on what?
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Darwin stated that organisms that are more similar to one another may have descended from what?
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What is phylogeny?
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What is cladistics?
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Cladistics hypothesizes what?
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What is an ancestral character?
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What is a derived character?
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What does shared provide evidence that two groups are?
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What is a cladogram?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy and Naming
- Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
- Prior to the mid-1700s, biologists used descriptive phrases to name organisms, leading to lengthy names.
- Carl Linnaeus developed a two-word Latin system for naming organisms, known as binomial nomenclature.
- The scientific name consists of two parts: the genus (capitalized) and species (all lowercase).
- Abbreviation for genus species is written as G.species.
Taxonomic Classification Levels
- The Linnaean system categorizes life into eight levels of classification: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
- The first classification level is domain, which includes archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.
- Each level is based on shared characteristics, becoming more general as you ascend the hierarchy.
Biological Species Concept
- A biological species is defined as a group of populations that interbreed or can potentially interbreed, isolated from others.
- Ernest Mayr proposed this biological species concept.
- Hybrids can occur when individuals from different species interbreed.
- Species can be studied based on their features to understand classification.
Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships
- Approximately 1.5 million species have been described, while estimates suggest 2-100 million may remain undiscovered.
- Linnaeus' classification system stemmed from observations of similarity among organisms.
- Darwin theorized that similar organisms might share a more recent common ancestor.
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of organisms.
Cladistics and Evolutionary Analysis
- Cladistics reconstructs phylogenies based on shared characteristics to infer evolutionary relationships.
- Cladistics predicts the sequence in which groups evolved.
- Ancestral characters are those evolved from a common ancestor, while derived characters are unique to one group.
- Shared characteristics suggest a close relationship between groups.
- A cladogram is a branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge on taxonomy and the classification of organisms with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 17. Learn about the contributions of Carl Linnaeus and how organisms are named in the scientific community. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of biological classification.
