Biology Chapter 17 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is taxonomy?

The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Until the mid-1700s, what did biologists do to name a particular type of organism?

They added descriptive phrases to name the genus.

What system did Carl Linnaeus develop?

A two-word Latin system for naming organisms.

What did Carl Linnaeus name his simpler system?

<p>Binomial nomenclature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique two-part name for a species referred to as?

<p>Scientific name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first word of the two-part scientific name?

<p>Genus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second word of the two-part scientific name?

<p>Species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does one abbreviate Genus species?

<p>G.species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a genus?

<p>A taxonomic category containing similar species that share important characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a species?

<p>One particular kind of organism, the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the scientific name of an organism allow biologists to do?

<p>Communicate, regardless of their language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two different types of organisms cannot have the same scientific name.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Linnaeus system begin?

<p>With a broad classification system (plants &amp; animals).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many levels of classification are there?

<ol start="8"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What's the first level of classification?

<p>Domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the second level of classification?

<p>Kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the third level of classification?

<p>Phylum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the fourth level of classification?

<p>Class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the fifth level of classification?

<p>Order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the sixth level of classification?

<p>Family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the seventh level of classification?

<p>Genus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the eighth level of classification?

<p>Species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each level of classification is based on what?

<p>Characteristics shared by all organisms it contains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At each higher level on the classification system, does the information become more general or specific?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biological species?

<p>Group of natural populations that are interbreeding or could interbreed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the biological species concept?

<p>Ernest Mayr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes individuals of different species interbreed and produce offspring called what?

<p>Hybrids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reproductive barriers between two species are not complete, the two species are...

<p>Closely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modern biologists recognize species by studying what?

<p>An organism's features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species have been described?

<p>1.5 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species may have not been discovered yet?

<p>2-100 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Linnaeus' classification system was based on what?

<p>His observation that organisms have different degrees of similarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Darwin stated that organisms that are more similar to one another may have descended from what?

<p>A more recent common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is phylogeny?

<p>Evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cladistics?

<p>Method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cladistics hypothesizes what?

<p>The sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ancestral character?

<p>Evolved in a common ancestor of both groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a derived character?

<p>Evolved in an ancestor of one group but not of the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does shared provide evidence that two groups are?

<p>Closely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cladogram?

<p>Branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomy and Naming

  • Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
  • Prior to the mid-1700s, biologists used descriptive phrases to name organisms, leading to lengthy names.
  • Carl Linnaeus developed a two-word Latin system for naming organisms, known as binomial nomenclature.
  • The scientific name consists of two parts: the genus (capitalized) and species (all lowercase).
  • Abbreviation for genus species is written as G.species.

Taxonomic Classification Levels

  • The Linnaean system categorizes life into eight levels of classification: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
  • The first classification level is domain, which includes archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.
  • Each level is based on shared characteristics, becoming more general as you ascend the hierarchy.

Biological Species Concept

  • A biological species is defined as a group of populations that interbreed or can potentially interbreed, isolated from others.
  • Ernest Mayr proposed this biological species concept.
  • Hybrids can occur when individuals from different species interbreed.
  • Species can be studied based on their features to understand classification.

Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships

  • Approximately 1.5 million species have been described, while estimates suggest 2-100 million may remain undiscovered.
  • Linnaeus' classification system stemmed from observations of similarity among organisms.
  • Darwin theorized that similar organisms might share a more recent common ancestor.
  • Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of organisms.

Cladistics and Evolutionary Analysis

  • Cladistics reconstructs phylogenies based on shared characteristics to infer evolutionary relationships.
  • Cladistics predicts the sequence in which groups evolved.
  • Ancestral characters are those evolved from a common ancestor, while derived characters are unique to one group.
  • Shared characteristics suggest a close relationship between groups.
  • A cladogram is a branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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Test your knowledge on taxonomy and the classification of organisms with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 17. Learn about the contributions of Carl Linnaeus and how organisms are named in the scientific community. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of biological classification.

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