Questions and Answers
The science of classifying living things is called?
taxonomy
Taxonomy is defined as the science of?
grouping organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history
As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms?
become more similar in appearance
A mushroom is difficult to classify in Linnaeus's 2-kingdom classification system because?
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Which of the following scientists developed the system of classifying by assigning them a genus and species name?
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The scientific name of an organism is?
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Organisms in different genera?
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Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and each phylum is divided into?
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The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the?
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Which of the following is the least inclusive classification group?
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Today, biologists classify organisms by their?
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Which of the following are used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms?
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Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to?
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Most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom?
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Multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from the environment belong to the kingdom?
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Aristotle classified plants on the basis of difference in their?
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__ devised the 2-name system of naming organisms?
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Biologists of Linnaeus's time classified every living thing as either plant or?
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The evolutionary history of a species is called its?
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Organism 4 belongs to the Kingdom?
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Eukaryotic organisms that lack specialized tissue systems are members of the kingdom?
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The domains of the 3-domain system of classification are Archaea, Bacteria and?
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The variety of organisms at all taxonomic levels is called?
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Cladistics uses shared and __ characters to group taxa?
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The Greek philosopher __ classified organisms as either plants or animals?
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Which of the following is not a consideration for Linnaeus?
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Don't use common names because?
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2 organisms in the same class but different orders?
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Same order but different family?
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Biologists classify organisms by?
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Phylla trees depict?
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Who breaks down matter?
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Eukarya not plant or fungi?
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Study Notes
Taxonomy Fundamentals
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms based on characteristics and evolutionary history.
- The classification hierarchy progresses from kingdoms to species, with organisms becoming increasingly similar in appearance.
Classification History
- Linnaeus developed the binomial nomenclature system, assigning every organism a genus and species name.
- Aristotle's classification system categorized organisms into plants or animals based primarily on stem differences.
Biological Classification Structure
- Kingdoms are divided into phyla, which are further divided into classes.
- The lowest level of biological classification is species, making it the least inclusive group.
Organism Characteristics and Kingdoms
- Protista consists of nearly all single-celled eukaryotes, which can be heterotrophic or photosynthetic.
- Plantae is the kingdom for multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that perform photosynthesis.
- Fungi are multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from their environment.
Modern Classification Techniques
- Biologists use several criteria, including shared and derived characters, to classify organisms in systematic taxonomy.
- The 3-domain system includes Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a species, illustrating relationships and features shared among different taxa.
- Cladistics groups organisms based on shared derived characters, highlighting their evolutionary lineage.
Naming and Identification Practices
- The scientific names of organisms remain consistent globally, aiding in clear communication among scientists.
- Common names are discouraged because they can vary by region and language, leading to confusion.
Eukaryotic Organisms
- Eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into plants or fungi are classified under the kingdom Protista, encompassing diverse forms of life.
Environmental Roles
- Fungi are crucial in breaking down organic matter, contributing significantly to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
Additional Concepts
- The diversity of organisms at all taxonomic levels is fundamental to understanding biological systems and ecological interactions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Chapter 17 of Biology with these flashcards. This chapter focuses on taxonomy and the classification of living organisms. Challenge yourself to understand how organisms are grouped and their evolutionary history.
