Biology Chapter 14 Study Guide Flashcards

Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between 2 or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another. There are 3 major types.

Mutualism is a type of symbiosis where there is a two-way benefit.

Parasitism is a type of symbiosis where the host is harmed.

<p>Commensalism is a type of symbiosis where there is no effect on the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population dispersion is the way in which individuals of a population are spread in an area or a volume. There are 3 types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clumped dispersion is the type of dispersion where there is a herd, facilitating mating, protection, and access to food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random dispersion is a type of dispersions without any defined pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniform dispersion is where the population is spread out across a territory and competes for resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population growth is the rate of growth for a population, directly related to the availability of resources. There are 2 types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exponential growth occurs when there are abundant resources available, causing rapid population growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population crash is a sudden decrease in the size of the population, often caused by decreased food resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logistic growth starts off slow, goes through a period of exponential growth, and then levels off as resources decrease, reaching a sustainable number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ecological niche is a 'special place' for a particular species as it encompasses all the factors needed for survival and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A habitat includes all abiotic and biotic factors in the area where the organism lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deer's habitat is a forest, and its niche includes plants for food, water to drink, and factors supporting reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive exclusion is the theory that two species cannot occupy the same niche simultaneously, while ecological equivalents share a similar niche but live in different geographical regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interspecific competition occurs between different species for resources, while intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They compete when both consume the same types of plants or drink from the same pond; the bear can prey on the squirrel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship is an example of mutualism as both benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The population density experiences exponential growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A survivorship curve is a diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births. There are 3 types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 has low infant mortality and parental care; Type 2 has equal chances of survival at all stages; Type 3 has high birth rates and high infant mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for food could decrease the herd size, and a denser population could lead to disease spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If resources do not keep pace with population growth, it can lead to starvation and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying capacity is the number of individuals that the resources of an environment can normally support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying capacity may decrease if the winter reduces the amount of available food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for food (e.g., two types of deer eating the same food) and predation (e.g., not enough rabbits for coyotes).</p> Signup and view all the answers