Questions and Answers
In what way is artificial selection different from natural selection?
In artificial selection, human preference is the selecting force; in natural selection, environmental conditions are the selecting force.
When a population of organisms is evolving, what can you be sure is happening?
It's changing.
What is MRSA?
A form of skin bacteria that's resistant to methicillin.
Which of the following is not part of the theory of natural selection?
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What causes the disease tuberculosis?
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What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness?
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What is an allele?
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How is tuberculosis transmitted?
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What is combination drug therapy?
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What is evolution?
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What type of selection would include the evolution of a long neck in giraffes?
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Which plant is the most fit?
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What is tuberculosis?
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What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
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What is TB treatment?
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What is TB prevention?
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What is the theory of natural selection?
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What is observation 1?
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What is observation 2?
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What is observation 3?
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What is observation 4?
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What is fitness?
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What is adaptation?
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What is Darwin's influence?
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What is artificial selection?
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What are methods to test natural selection?
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What is the modern synthesis?
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What are patterns of selection?
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What is directional selection?
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What is stabilizing selection?
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What is diversifying selection?
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Study Notes
Artificial vs. Natural Selection
- Artificial selection is driven by human preference, whereas natural selection is influenced by environmental conditions.
Evolution of Populations
- Evolving populations indicate changes in their genetic makeup over time.
Antibiotic Resistance
- MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a strain of skin bacteria resistant to methicillin, highlighting issues in treating bacterial infections.
Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmitted through sneezing.
- Symptoms include bloody cough, fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, nail clubbing, and loss of appetite.
- Treatment involves isolation and antibiotic therapy.
- Prevention consists of vaccinations, proper patient treatment, and education on the disease.
Natural Selection Principles
- Not all species originated from a common ancestor; this statement itself is not part of natural selection theory.
- Increased reproductive success leads to the propagation of traits that enhance survival.
Mutations and Fitness
- A mutation resulting in an allele that reduces fitness will likely lead to fewer offspring for the affected individual.
Definitions
- Allele: A specific version of a gene.
- Fitness: Refers to the relative survival and reproduction of different variants within a population.
Observations in Natural Selection
- Individual variation exists within populations.
- Some variations can be inherited.
- Populations produce more offspring than can survive (overproduction).
- Survival and reproduction are influenced by advantageous traits.
Types of Selection
- Directional selection favors one extreme trait, such as the evolution of longer necks in giraffes.
- Stabilizing selection works favorably towards average traits.
- Diversifying selection focuses on extremes in traits.
Modern Synthesis
- Represents an integration of genetics and evolution, based on genetic principles that inform evolutionary processes.
Evolution and Adaptation
- Adaptations are traits that improve individual fitness in particular environments, shaping the dynamics of populations through various patterns of selection.
Testing Natural Selection
- Methods for testing include artificial selection and observing natural selection in laboratory and wild populations.
Darwin's Contribution
- Charles Darwin's work established that natural selection is a primary mechanism driving evolution.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Biology Chapter 11 with these flashcards. Learn about the differences between artificial and natural selection, the implications of evolving populations, and understand MRSA. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of evolutionary biology.