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Questions and Answers
What are different forms of a gene called?
What are different forms of a gene called?
alleles
What occurs when a homozygous tall pea plant and a homozygous short pea plant are crossed?
What occurs when a homozygous tall pea plant and a homozygous short pea plant are crossed?
the recessive trait seems to disappear
What does a Punnett square determine?
What does a Punnett square determine?
probable outcome of a cross
What are organisms with two identical alleles for a specific trait called?
What are organisms with two identical alleles for a specific trait called?
What are the physical characteristics of an organism referred to as?
What are the physical characteristics of an organism referred to as?
What situation describes a gene having more than two alleles?
What situation describes a gene having more than two alleles?
What is produced by meiosis in male mammals?
What is produced by meiosis in male mammals?
What must gametes do to maintain the chromosome number of an organism?
What must gametes do to maintain the chromosome number of an organism?
What does a gene map show?
What does a gene map show?
Match the four basic principles of genetics discovered by Mendel to their descriptions:
Match the four basic principles of genetics discovered by Mendel to their descriptions:
How do multiple alleles and polygenic traits differ?
How do multiple alleles and polygenic traits differ?
Are an organism's characteristics determined only by genes?
Are an organism's characteristics determined only by genes?
What are the genotypes for a rabbit that is homozygous for black coat and one that is heterozygous?
What are the genotypes for a rabbit that is homozygous for black coat and one that is heterozygous?
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
What pattern of inheritance does flower color in pink-flowering plants that produce 25% red, 25% white, and 50% pink follow?
What pattern of inheritance does flower color in pink-flowering plants that produce 25% red, 25% white, and 50% pink follow?
What describes the offspring of a cross between parents with different traits?
What describes the offspring of a cross between parents with different traits?
Flashcards
Alleles
Alleles
Different forms of a gene that cause variations in inherited traits like eye color.
Phenotype
Phenotype
The observable physical characteristics of an organism. Influenced by both genetics and environment.
Homozygous
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a specific trait (e.g., BB or bb).
Hybrid
Hybrid
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Principle of Unit Characters
Principle of Unit Characters
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Principle of Dominance
Principle of Dominance
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Principle of Segregation
Principle of Segregation
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Principle of Independent Assortment
Principle of Independent Assortment
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Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
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Polygenic Traits
Polygenic Traits
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Meiosis
Meiosis
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Chromosome Number
Chromosome Number
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Gene Map
Gene Map
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Non-genetic Factors
Non-genetic Factors
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Homozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits
Homozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits
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Heterozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits
Heterozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits
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Study Notes
Genetics Terminology
- Alleles: Different forms of a gene responsible for variations in traits.
- Phenotype: The observable physical characteristics of an organism resulting from genetic and environmental influences.
- Homozygous: Organisms with two identical alleles for a specific trait (e.g., BB or bb).
- Hybrid: Offspring resulting from a cross between parents with different traits, indicating heterozygosity (e.g., Bb).
- Multiple Alleles: A genetic scenario where a gene exists in more than two forms, providing a richer variation of traits.
Genetic Principles
- Principle of Unit Characters: Traits are passed from parents to offspring as individual units.
- Principle of Dominance: Some alleles can dominate others, masking their effects; dominant traits exhibit in phenotype when present.
- Principle of Segregation: Alleles distribute into different gametes during reproduction, ensuring genetic variability.
- Principle of Independent Assortment: Genes segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.
Inheritance Patterns
- Incomplete Dominance: Occurs when the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of homozygotes (example: pink flowers from red and white parents).
- Polygenic Traits: Traits controlled by multiple genes, each potentially carrying multiple alleles, leading to a spectrum of phenotypes.
Meiosis and Gamete Formation
- Meiosis: Process resulting in four haploid gamete cells, each containing half the chromosome number of the original cell.
- Chromosome Number: Halves during meiosis to ensure offspring maintain the species' chromosome count.
Genetic Mapping
- Gene Map: Represents the relative locations of genes on a chromosome, aiding in tracking inheritance and predicting traits.
Environmental Influences
- Non-genetic Factors: An organism's traits are influenced not only by genetics but also by environmental factors like nutrition and exposure, highlighting the importance of both genotype and phenotype interactions.
Examples of Genotypes
- Homozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits: BB
- Heterozygous for Black Coat in Rabbits: Bb
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