Biology Chapter 10 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following animals is an example of an organism with a complete gut?

Planarian

Sea Star

Jellyfish

Aardvark (correct)

Which of the following groups of animals is characterized by the presence of stinging cells called cnidocytes?

Sponges

Cnidarians (correct)

Echinoderms

Worms

Which of the following animals is an example of bilateral symmetry?

Jellyfish

Tube sponge

Starfish

Crab (correct)

What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

Stores bile produced by the gallbladder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true for all animals?

Producers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of digestive system is characterized by the movement of hemolymph, often propelled by the animal's own movements, throughout the body?

Open circulatory system (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of animals is characterized by the presence of an exoskeleton?

Arthropods (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a scavenger animal?

Vulture (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system in animals?

Filtering waste products from the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of animals is NOT considered an invertebrate?

Fish (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food, while mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is an example of a cephalopod?

Squid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures involved in gas exchange in insects?

Spiracles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the modern classification system and other systems of classification?

The modern system is based on evolutionary relationships. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endotherms?

Reliance on external sources for heat (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do animals maintain homeostasis?

By adjusting internal systems to respond to changes in the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is found in invertebrates like worms and cnidarians?

Hydrostatic skeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeleton does a spider have?

Exoskeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between internal and external fertilization?

Internal fertilization requires the sperm and egg to meet inside the female's body, while external fertilization occurs outside the body. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior is an animal born with?

Instinctive behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an innate behavior?

A bird building a nest (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a reflex and an instinct?

Reflexes are short-term responses, while instincts are long-term behaviors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of communication used by animals?

Gravity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is found in vertebrates?

Endoskeleton (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 10 Study Guide

Animal Characteristics: All animals are eukaryotic, consumers, and most can move.
Animal Classification: Scientists use symmetry (bilateral, radial, asymmetry), presence of body cavities (complete or incomplete), and cephalization to classify animals.
Symmetry Types:
- Bilateral symmetry: Organisms can be divided into two mirror-image halves (e.g., crab).
- Radial symmetry: Organisms can be divided into multiple mirror-image halves (e.g., starfish).
- Asymmetry: Organisms cannot be divided into mirror-image halves (e.g., tube sponge).
Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates: Vertebrates have a notochord (backbone); invertebrates do not.
Invertebrate Groups: Sponges, cnidarians, worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods.
- Examples:
  - Sponges: No symmetry, no cephalization, no gut
  - Cnidarians: Radial symmetry, stinging cells (cnidocytes)
  - Echinoderms: Radial symmetry (e.g., sea stars, sea urchins).
  - Mollusks: Include gastropods (snails), cephalopods (octopus), bivalves (oysters).
  - Arthropods: Diverse group (e.g., insects, crustaceans)

Chapter 11 Study Guide

Organ System Functions: Be familiar with the functions of digestive systems (mechanical and chemical digestion) and other systems.
Digestion:
- Mechanical digestion: Breaking down food using teeth or gizzard.
- Chemical digestion: Breaking down food using chemicals.
Digestive System Organs: Mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small and large intestines, anus.
Animal Adaptations to Food: Herbivores (plants), carnivores (meat), omnivores (both), filter feeders (straining small things).
Excretion System: Kidneys and bladder.

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Reproductive Organs: Sperm and eggs.
Internal vs. External Fertilization:
- Internal fertilization: Sperm and egg unite inside the female.
- External fertilization: Sperm and egg unite outside the body.
Internal vs. External Development:
- Internal: Fertilized egg develops inside the female.
- External: Fertilized egg develops outside the body.
Innate vs. Learned Behavior:
- Innate: Behaviors an animal is born with (e.g., reflexes).
- Learned: Behaviors an animal learns (through observation).
Reflex vs. Instinct:
- Reflex: Quick, automatic response to a stimulus.
- Instinct: Complex behavior pattern (e.g., building a nest).
Animal Communication: Sound, sight, touch, chemicals.

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Description

Explore Chapter 10, which focuses on animal characteristics and classification. Learn about the types of symmetry, the distinction between invertebrates and vertebrates, and examples of invertebrate groups. This study guide will help solidify your understanding of these essential biological concepts.