Biology Chapter 10: Meiosis and Mitosis Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What process is involved in the production of gametes?

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Binary Fission
  • Fragmentation

    • What type of cell division is involved in growth and repair?

  • Meiosis
  • Budding
  • Fragmentation
  • Mitosis (correct)

    • Meiosis promotes genetic variation in organisms.

    True

    Mitosis consists of two nuclear divisions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis involves two sets of nuclear divisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis produces daughter cells that are not identical.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synapsis of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis occurs during asexual reproduction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis results in four haploid gametes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for meiosis?

    <p>Reduction division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during A1 of meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes separate and move to poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During M2, where do chromosomes align?

    <p>At the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during A2?

    <p>Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during T2?

    <p>Both daughter cells divide forming cells with half the original chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during T1?

    <p>Daughter cells that are haploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interphase indicates the cell is not undergoing meiosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Prophase one, what occurs?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair up with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks prophase I or II?

    <p>Centromeres attach to spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during M1?

    <p>Tetrads line up at the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at T1?

    <p>Daughter cells form, but chromosomes are still in doubled form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ____________, centrioles replicate.

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prophase one or two, the stage is referred to as ____________.

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during T1 or T2?

    <p>Nuclei and the nuclear membrane reappear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In M1, what stage comes before anaphase two?

    <p>Metaphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage occurs after prophase one?

    <p>Metaphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meiosis Overview

    • Meiosis is the process that produces gametes, essential for sexual reproduction.
    • Involves two rounds of nuclear division, resulting in four haploid gametes.
    • Promotes genetic variation through processes such as crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.

    Comparison with Mitosis

    • Mitosis involves one nuclear division, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
    • Mitosis is primarily for growth and repair, occurring during asexual reproduction.
    • In meiosis, daughter cells are not genetically identical due to recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes.

    Key Stages of Meiosis

    • Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis) and crossing over occurs, enhancing genetic diversity.

    • Metaphase I: Tetrads align at the equator of the cell.

    • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.

    • Telophase I: Cells divide, resulting in two haploid cells, each with duplicated chromosomes.

    • Prophase II: Chromosomes (not tetrads) align at the equator again in the two haploid cells.

    • Metaphase II: Sister chromatids line up at the equatorial plane.

    • Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

    • Telophase II: Four haploid gametes are formed, each containing half the original chromosome number.

    Specific Definitions

    • Reduction division: Another term for meiosis due to the halving of chromosome numbers.
    • Synapsis: The pairing of homologous chromosomes during Prophase I, facilitating genetic recombination.
    • Homologous chromosomes: Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, participating in crossing over during meiosis.

    Important Phases and Features

    • Interphase: Not part of meiosis; the cell prepares for division, and DNA replicates, centrioles replicate during this phase.
    • Crossing over: Critical process that occurs in Prophase I, where segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation.
    • Longest phase of meiosis occurs in Prophase I, allowing extensive genetic interaction among chromatids.

    Other Notable Points

    • Meiosis is essential not only for producing gametes but also for ensuring genetic diversity in sexually reproducing populations.
    • Each stage of meiosis has distinct characteristics that contribute to the formation of diverse genetic combinations.

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    Description

    Dive into the key concepts of meiosis and mitosis with this study guide. This quiz features flashcards that detail definitions and essential functions of these two vital biological processes. Perfect for preparing for exams or reinforcing your understanding of cell division.

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