Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

In C₃ photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in?

In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur in?

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from?

Reactions that require CO₂ take place in?

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Three 'turns' of the Calvin cycle generate a 'surplus' molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?

After phosphorylation and reduction produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find regarding the pH measurements of the thylakoid space, stroma, and cytosol of a particular plant cell?

The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited to?

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with?

Calvin Cycle Overview

The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
This cycle requires ATP exclusively during its reactions, differentiating it from light reactions.

Photosynthesis Mechanisms

In C₃ photosynthesis, ATP is consumed only within the Calvin cycle.
NADH is not produced in either the light reactions or the Calvin cycle.

NADPH Source

NADPH necessary for the Calvin cycle originates from reactions initiated in photosystem I.

Carbon Dioxide Utilization

CO₂ is utilized solely in the Calvin cycle, highlighting its role in sugar production.

Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle Interaction

The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are utilized by the Calvin cycle, returning ADP, Pi, and NADP⁺ back to the light reactions.

G3P Production in Calvin Cycle

Three turns of the Calvin cycle yield a surplus of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), crucial for forming sucrose and starch.

Carbon Fixation Process

During carbon fixation, RuBP combines with CO₂ to create a six-carbon molecule, subsequently splitting into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Regeneration of RuBP is vital for completing the cycle.

Thylakoid pH Relationship

The pH within the thylakoid space is lower compared to that of the stroma, indicating a gradient critical for photosynthesis.

Rubisco Distribution

The enzyme rubisco is found across all known photoautotrophs, encompassing both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms.

Photorespiration Context

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with oxygen (O₂), impacting plant efficiency in carbon fixation.

Test your knowledge of the Calvin cycle and C₃ photosynthesis with these flashcards from Chapter 10. Each card helps reinforce key concepts and definitions related to photosynthesis processes. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of plant biology.