Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Use NADPH to release carbon dioxide

Transport RuBP out of the chloroplast

Use ATP to release carbon dioxide

Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide (correct)

Split water and release oxygen

In C₃ photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in?

The light reactions alone

The chloroplast, but is not part of photosynthesis

The Calvin cycle alone (correct)

Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle

Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur in?

The Calvin cycle alone

Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle (correct)

The light reactions alone

The chloroplast, but is not part of photosynthesis

Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from?

Reactions initiated in photosystem I Signup and view all the answers

Reactions that require CO₂ take place in?

The Calvin cycle alone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP⁺ to the light reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Three 'turns' of the Calvin cycle generate a 'surplus' molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?

The formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements. Signup and view all the answers

After phosphorylation and reduction produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Regeneration of RuBP Signup and view all the answers

Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find regarding the pH measurements of the thylakoid space, stroma, and cytosol of a particular plant cell?

The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma. Signup and view all the answers

The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited to?

All known photoautotrophs, both bacterial and eukaryotic Signup and view all the answers

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with?

O₂ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Calvin Cycle Overview

The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
This cycle requires ATP exclusively during its reactions, differentiating it from light reactions.

Photosynthesis Mechanisms

In C₃ photosynthesis, ATP is consumed only within the Calvin cycle.
NADH is not produced in either the light reactions or the Calvin cycle.

NADPH Source

NADPH necessary for the Calvin cycle originates from reactions initiated in photosystem I.

Carbon Dioxide Utilization

CO₂ is utilized solely in the Calvin cycle, highlighting its role in sugar production.

Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle Interaction

The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are utilized by the Calvin cycle, returning ADP, Pi, and NADP⁺ back to the light reactions.

G3P Production in Calvin Cycle

Three turns of the Calvin cycle yield a surplus of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), crucial for forming sucrose and starch.

Carbon Fixation Process

During carbon fixation, RuBP combines with CO₂ to create a six-carbon molecule, subsequently splitting into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. Regeneration of RuBP is vital for completing the cycle.

Thylakoid pH Relationship

The pH within the thylakoid space is lower compared to that of the stroma, indicating a gradient critical for photosynthesis.

Rubisco Distribution

The enzyme rubisco is found across all known photoautotrophs, encompassing both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms.

Photorespiration Context

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with oxygen (O₂), impacting plant efficiency in carbon fixation.

Description

Test your knowledge of the Calvin cycle and C₃ photosynthesis with these flashcards from Chapter 10. Each card helps reinforce key concepts and definitions related to photosynthesis processes. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of plant biology.