Biology Chapter 1: What Is Life?
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Questions and Answers

Who formulated the theory of evolution alongside Charles Darwin?

  • Isaac Newton
  • Alfred Russell Wallace (correct)
  • James Watson
  • Gregor Mendel

    • All living organisms are distinctly unrelated to one another.

    False

    Define natural selection.

    Natural selection is the process where individuals in a population with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully than those without those traits.

    The theory of evolution states that all organisms are related by common __________.

    <p>ancestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples to the traits they are associated with:

    <p>Finch beaks = Adaptations for feeding Plant toxins = Defense mechanism Darker frogs = Camouflage Giraffe necks = Reaching higher foliage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the evolution of organisms over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural selection favors individuals with traits that are less beneficial for survival and reproduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of descent with modification in evolution?

    <p>Descent with modification refers to the process through which species evolve over generations due to changes in heritable traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms are known to respond to stimuli?

    <p>Animals, plants, fungi, and unicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phototropism involves the response of plants to light.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phytochrome B in plants?

    <p>It helps in detecting light for phototropism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The response of plants to touch is known as __________.

    <p>thigmotropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of stimuli with their corresponding responses:

    <p>Light = Phototropism Touch = Thigmotropism Gravity = Gravitropism Chemicals = Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors in plants respond to mechanical stimuli?

    <p>Mechanoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only animals are capable of using specialized cells to sense stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the water to move out of the cells in response to mechanical stimuli?

    <p>Turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific theory best described as?

    <p>A general and reliable explanation of important natural phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All scientific theories are proven facts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a scientific theory mentioned in the content?

    <p>Cell theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Science requires __________ and communication to ensure validity.

    <p>repeatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some experiments be considered impractical or unethical?

    <p>They may harm living organisms or the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organism with its scientific name:

    <p>Fruit Fly = Drosophila melanogaster Nematode = Caenorhabditis elegans Yeast = Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacterium = Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientific theories can change over time with new evidence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic principle derived from the study of nature that has never been disproven is called a __________.

    <p>natural law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does curiosity play in scientific advancements?

    <p>It can contribute to scientific advances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accidents and lucky guesses have no impact on scientific advances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered penicillin?

    <p>Sir Alexander Fleming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of science is to satisfy human __________.

    <p>curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Penicillin = An antibiotic discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming Yeast = A unicellular fungus used in baking and brewing Malaria = A disease caused by a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes Scientific Endeavor = A pursuit often influenced by accidents and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is measured or observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A constant variable can influence the outcome of an experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of including controls in an experiment?

    <p>To guard against the effects of unnoticed variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of plant growth, the ___ variable could be the amount of water given to the plant.

    <p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an independent variable?

    <p>The level of exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the correct variable type:

    <p>Independent Variable = Manipulated or changed by the scientist Dependent Variable = Measured or observed in the experiment Control = Section in which no variable is changed ALB/c = Strain of laboratory-bred house mouse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An experiment cannot reach a conclusion regarding the validity of a hypothesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome when an independent variable is changed?

    <p>A change in the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What Is Life?

    • Organisms evolve from a common ancestor, leading to the diversity of life observed today.
    • Evolution is defined as the process of descent with modification.

    What Is Evolution?

    • All organisms share a common ancestry and have changed over time.
    • The theory was developed in the mid-1800s by naturalists Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace.
    • Evidence supporting this theory includes similarities observed across various organisms.

    Natural Selection

    • Natural selection drives evolution; individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
    • Examples of traits influenced by natural selection include finch beaks, plant toxins, and variations in frog coloration.

    Organisms Respond to Stimuli

    • Animals utilize specialized cells to sense and respond to stimuli such as light, temperature, sound, and more.
    • Plants, fungi, and unicellular organisms also demonstrate responsiveness to various stimuli.

    Experimental Design

    • A prediction based on a hypothesis is tested through carefully designed experiments.
    • Independent variables are manipulated by the scientist, while dependent variables are measured.
    • Controls are essential to experiments to isolate the effects of the independent variable.

    Limitations of Experiments

    • Certain experiments might be theoretically possible but impractical or unethical.
    • Examples include studies involving model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans.

    Importance of Repeatability and Communication

    • Valid scientific research requires repeated experiments to ensure reliability.
    • Communication of findings is crucial for the advancement of science.

    Scientific Theories

    • A scientific theory provides a reliable explanation of significant natural phenomena through extensive testing and observation.
    • Theories can evolve based on new evidence but remain fundamental principles until disproven.

    Cell Theory

    • All living organisms are composed of cells, a foundational concept in biology.
    • Questions exist about the universality of this theory, particularly regarding unicellular organisms.

    Nature of Science

    • Scientific progress can be influenced by accidents, intuition, competition, and innate curiosity.
    • Historical cases such as the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming illustrate how serendipitous findings can lead to significant advancements.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of biology in this quiz on Chapter 1. Learn about the concept of life and the evolutionary processes that lead to the diversity of organisms. Test your understanding of how all living organisms descend from a common ancestor.

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