Biology Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is sensitivity in living organisms primarily concerned with?

Ability to respond to stimuli (correct)

Ability to extract energy from food

Ability to reproduce offspring

Ability to grow and develop

Which of the following structures detects light in living organisms?

Receptors (correct)

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Which type of reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent organism?

Sexual reproduction

Budding

Asexual reproduction (correct)

Gametic fusion

What term describes the fertilized egg that develops into a new individual?

Embryo Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of prokaryotic cells?

Presence of a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of which of the following?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of life in all organisms?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms is likely to be unicellular?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?

To release energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between excretion and the removal of faeces?

Excretion requires metabolic action, while faeces is a digestive process. Signup and view all the answers

What role does food play in the growth of living organisms?

Food provides raw materials for building body structures. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT considered a form of excretion?

Removal of faeces Signup and view all the answers

How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?

Through cell division until maturity Signup and view all the answers

What initiates growth and determines its pace in an organism?

Growth hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of an entire organism from one location to another?

Locomotion Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between animal and plant cells?

Plant cells have a permanent large central vacuole. Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, how many identical daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is cell specialization?

The process where cells develop distinct shapes for specific functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT typically found in animal cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What protects plant cells and is not present in animal cells?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization consists of multiple tissues working together?

Organ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells is involved in the immune response?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven vital functions that characterize living things?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

Autotrophs produce their own food using photosynthesis, while heterotrophs consume organic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is an example of a heterotroph?

Rabbit Signup and view all the answers

In the photosynthesis process, which of the following is required to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose?

Chlorophyll Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of autotrophs in an ecosystem?

To produce organic compounds from inorganic substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about respiration in living organisms is true?

All living organisms must perform respiration to produce energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter?

Decomposers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of excretion in living organisms?

To eliminate waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in a cell?

Where all cellular activities occur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?

Vacuole Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

To trap sunlight energy for food production Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell wall contribute to plant cell function?

It provides rigidity and prevents bursting Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the cell membrane?

It serves as a protective layer for the cell Signup and view all the answers

What do mitochondria primarily do in animal cells?

Generate energy through respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is true?

Eukaryotic cells can be either unicellular or multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What component does animal cells have that is NOT found in plant cells?

Glycogen granules Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Topic 1: Characteristics of Living Things

Living things exhibit seven vital functions.
These functions are essential for life.
These include: nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, movement, sensitivity, and reproduction.
Each of these processes is important for a species' survival to the next generation.

1. Nutrition

All living organisms need food.
Food provides energy, growth, and repair.
Two main ways organisms obtain food are: autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

Autotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophs, such as plants and algae, produce their own food.
They utilize photosynthesis to convert inorganic substances (carbon dioxide and water) into organic substances (glucose).
This process utilizes sunlight energy captured by chlorophyll.
The word equation for photosynthesis is water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6H₂O + 6CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Examples of autotrophs are plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophs obtain food from other organisms.
They consume ready-made organic compounds that other organisms produce.
Heterotrophs can be herbivores (plants only), carnivores (animals only), or omnivores (both plants and animals).
Examples of heterotrophs include rabbits (herbivores), lions (carnivores), and bears (omnivores).
Other examples are endoparasites (like tapeworms) and ectoparasites (like fleas), that respectively live inside a host or outside of a host.
Mould acts as a decomposer, breaking down dead matter.

2. Respiration

Respiration is the breakdown of glucose (food) into simpler substances to release energy.
The energy is stored in the form of ATP.
Respiration can be aerobic (requiring oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen).
Glucose is a simple carbohydrate found in various foods.
Energy produced by respiration allows organisms to move, repair, and grow.

3. Excretion

Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
Waste products from metabolic reactions can be harmful to the organism.
Examples of excretion include gaseous exchange (removal of carbon dioxide); sweating; and removal of urea.
Leaf shedding is also an example for some plants.

4. Growth

Growth is the increase in size, mass, or volume of an organism through cell division and enlargement.
Food is essential for growth because it provides necessary substances and nutrients for building and maintaining body structures.
Unicellular organisms grow until they mature.
Some organisms like woody plants continue growing throughout their lives.

5. Movement

Movement is a change in the position or orientation of any part of an organism's body.
This includes locomotion.
Plants move parts of their body towards light sources.
Unicellular organisms utilize cilia or flagella for movement.

6. Sensitivity

Sensitivity is an organism's ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.
Main stimuli include touch, chemicals (taste, smell), pH, heat, light, and sound.
Receptors are structures in organisms that detect stimuli.
Plants respond slowly to stimuli, like direction of light or water.

7. Reproduction

Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring to ensure survival.
It can be sexual (union of two parents) or asexual (one parent).
Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) forming a zygote.
Asexual reproduction involves one parent, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent.

Cells

Cells are the basic units of life.
Cells perform all functions of an organism.
Two main types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic examples include bacteria.
Eukaryotic examples include animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Organelles (in Animal and Plant Cells)

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance in the cell where activities take place.
Cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.
Nucleus controls cell activities, contains genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria produce energy through respiration.
Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis in plants.
Vacuoles store food and water.
Cell walls provide structural support in plants (not in animal cells).

Cell Division

New cells are made from existing cells through cell division, creating identical daughter cells.
Cells specialize for specific functions.

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Description

Test your understanding of basic biological concepts in this quiz covering topics such as sensitivity, reproduction, and cell structure. Questions delve into the characteristics of living organisms and essential biological processes like respiration and growth. Perfect for high school students studying life sciences!