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Questions and Answers
What is sensitivity in living organisms primarily concerned with?
What is sensitivity in living organisms primarily concerned with?
- Ability to respond to stimuli (correct)
- Ability to extract energy from food
- Ability to reproduce offspring
- Ability to grow and develop
Which of the following structures detects light in living organisms?
Which of the following structures detects light in living organisms?
- Receptors (correct)
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
Which type of reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent organism?
Which type of reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent organism?
- Sexual reproduction
- Budding
- Asexual reproduction (correct)
- Gametic fusion
What term describes the fertilized egg that develops into a new individual?
What term describes the fertilized egg that develops into a new individual?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of prokaryotic cells?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of which of the following?
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of which of the following?
What is the basic unit of life in all organisms?
What is the basic unit of life in all organisms?
Which of these organisms is likely to be unicellular?
Which of these organisms is likely to be unicellular?
What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?
What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?
Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?
Which type of respiration does not require oxygen?
What is a key difference between excretion and the removal of faeces?
What is a key difference between excretion and the removal of faeces?
What role does food play in the growth of living organisms?
What role does food play in the growth of living organisms?
Which process is NOT considered a form of excretion?
Which process is NOT considered a form of excretion?
How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?
How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?
What initiates growth and determines its pace in an organism?
What initiates growth and determines its pace in an organism?
What is the term for the movement of an entire organism from one location to another?
What is the term for the movement of an entire organism from one location to another?
What is a significant difference between animal and plant cells?
What is a significant difference between animal and plant cells?
During cell division, how many identical daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell?
During cell division, how many identical daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell?
What is cell specialization?
What is cell specialization?
Which structure is NOT typically found in animal cells?
Which structure is NOT typically found in animal cells?
What protects plant cells and is not present in animal cells?
What protects plant cells and is not present in animal cells?
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Which level of organization consists of multiple tissues working together?
Which level of organization consists of multiple tissues working together?
Which of the following cells is involved in the immune response?
Which of the following cells is involved in the immune response?
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven vital functions that characterize living things?
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven vital functions that characterize living things?
What is the main difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?
What is the main difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?
Which organism is an example of a heterotroph?
Which organism is an example of a heterotroph?
In the photosynthesis process, which of the following is required to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose?
In the photosynthesis process, which of the following is required to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose?
What is the primary role of autotrophs in an ecosystem?
What is the primary role of autotrophs in an ecosystem?
Which of the following statements about respiration in living organisms is true?
Which of the following statements about respiration in living organisms is true?
Which term describes organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter?
Which term describes organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter?
What is the primary function of excretion in living organisms?
What is the primary function of excretion in living organisms?
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?
Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
How does the cell wall contribute to plant cell function?
How does the cell wall contribute to plant cell function?
Which statement accurately describes the cell membrane?
Which statement accurately describes the cell membrane?
What do mitochondria primarily do in animal cells?
What do mitochondria primarily do in animal cells?
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is true?
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is true?
What component does animal cells have that is NOT found in plant cells?
What component does animal cells have that is NOT found in plant cells?
Flashcards
Nutrition
Nutrition
The way living things obtain energy and raw materials for growth and repair.
Autotrophs
Autotrophs
Organisms that produce their own food using photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other living things.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Food Chain
Food Chain
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Herbivores
Herbivores
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Carnivores
Carnivores
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Omnivores
Omnivores
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What is respiration?
What is respiration?
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What is aerobic respiration?
What is aerobic respiration?
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What is anaerobic respiration?
What is anaerobic respiration?
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What is excretion?
What is excretion?
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What is growth?
What is growth?
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What is movement?
What is movement?
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What is locomotion?
What is locomotion?
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What is metabolism?
What is metabolism?
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Sensitivity
Sensitivity
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Reproduction
Reproduction
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Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Cells
Cells
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Organelles
Organelles
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What is the cell wall?
What is the cell wall?
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What are chloroplasts?
What are chloroplasts?
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What are vacuoles?
What are vacuoles?
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Why do animal cells lack cell walls?
Why do animal cells lack cell walls?
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What is cell division?
What is cell division?
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What is cell specialisation?
What is cell specialisation?
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What is a tissue?
What is a tissue?
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What is an organ?
What is an organ?
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What is the vacuole?
What is the vacuole?
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What is the cytoplasm?
What is the cytoplasm?
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What is the cell membrane?
What is the cell membrane?
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What are mitochondria?
What are mitochondria?
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What is the nucleus?
What is the nucleus?
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What are eukaryotic cells?
What are eukaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Topic 1: Characteristics of Living Things
- Living things exhibit seven vital functions.
- These functions are essential for life.
- These include: nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, movement, sensitivity, and reproduction.
- Each of these processes is important for a species' survival to the next generation.
1. Nutrition
- All living organisms need food.
- Food provides energy, growth, and repair.
- Two main ways organisms obtain food are: autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Autotrophic Nutrition
- Autotrophs, such as plants and algae, produce their own food.
- They utilize photosynthesis to convert inorganic substances (carbon dioxide and water) into organic substances (glucose).
- This process utilizes sunlight energy captured by chlorophyll.
- The word equation for photosynthesis is water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6H₂O + 6CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
- Examples of autotrophs are plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
Heterotrophic Nutrition
- Heterotrophs obtain food from other organisms.
- They consume ready-made organic compounds that other organisms produce.
- Heterotrophs can be herbivores (plants only), carnivores (animals only), or omnivores (both plants and animals).
- Examples of heterotrophs include rabbits (herbivores), lions (carnivores), and bears (omnivores).
- Other examples are endoparasites (like tapeworms) and ectoparasites (like fleas), that respectively live inside a host or outside of a host.
- Mould acts as a decomposer, breaking down dead matter.
2. Respiration
- Respiration is the breakdown of glucose (food) into simpler substances to release energy.
- The energy is stored in the form of ATP.
- Respiration can be aerobic (requiring oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen).
- Glucose is a simple carbohydrate found in various foods.
- Energy produced by respiration allows organisms to move, repair, and grow.
3. Excretion
- Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
- Waste products from metabolic reactions can be harmful to the organism.
- Examples of excretion include gaseous exchange (removal of carbon dioxide); sweating; and removal of urea.
- Leaf shedding is also an example for some plants.
4. Growth
- Growth is the increase in size, mass, or volume of an organism through cell division and enlargement.
- Food is essential for growth because it provides necessary substances and nutrients for building and maintaining body structures.
- Unicellular organisms grow until they mature.
- Some organisms like woody plants continue growing throughout their lives.
5. Movement
- Movement is a change in the position or orientation of any part of an organism's body.
- This includes locomotion.
- Plants move parts of their body towards light sources.
- Unicellular organisms utilize cilia or flagella for movement.
6. Sensitivity
- Sensitivity is an organism's ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.
- Main stimuli include touch, chemicals (taste, smell), pH, heat, light, and sound.
- Receptors are structures in organisms that detect stimuli.
- Plants respond slowly to stimuli, like direction of light or water.
7. Reproduction
- Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring to ensure survival.
- It can be sexual (union of two parents) or asexual (one parent).
- Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) forming a zygote.
- Asexual reproduction involves one parent, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent.
Cells
- Cells are the basic units of life.
- Cells perform all functions of an organism.
- Two main types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
- Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
- Prokaryotic examples include bacteria.
- Eukaryotic examples include animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
Organelles (in Animal and Plant Cells)
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance in the cell where activities take place.
- Cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Nucleus controls cell activities, contains genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria produce energy through respiration.
- Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis in plants.
- Vacuoles store food and water.
- Cell walls provide structural support in plants (not in animal cells).
Cell Division
- New cells are made from existing cells through cell division, creating identical daughter cells.
- Cells specialize for specific functions.
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Description
Test your understanding of basic biological concepts in this quiz covering topics such as sensitivity, reproduction, and cell structure. Questions delve into the characteristics of living organisms and essential biological processes like respiration and growth. Perfect for high school students studying life sciences!
