Biology Chapter 1 Quiz: Learning Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is natural selection?

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

What is a reflex?

A relationship between a specific event and a simple response to that event.

What is a modal action pattern (MAP)?

A series of related acts found in all or nearly all members of a species, formally called instincts.

What is a releaser?

A stimulus that triggers a specific behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are general behavior traits?

The tendency to engage in a certain kind of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are mutations?

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change. Signup and view all the answers

What is habituation?

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is hybridization?

Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is learning?

A change in behavior due to a change in the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is behavior?

Anything a person or other animal does that can be measured. Signup and view all the answers

What is experience?

Changes in the environment. Signup and view all the answers

A reflex is a relation/relationship between a _ and a simple _

specific event; behavior/response Signup and view all the answers

Modal action patterns differ from reflexes in that MAPs involve the ___ organism and are more _ and ___

whole/entire; complex; variable Signup and view all the answers

The chief problem with natural selection is that it is _____

slow Signup and view all the answers

Natural selection helps the _ to adapt to change, not the _

species; individual Signup and view all the answers

Behavior is anything an organism does that can be _____

measured Signup and view all the answers

A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting _____

behavior Signup and view all the answers

Habituation involves a _____ in the probability or intensity of a response

decrease Signup and view all the answers

Kuo's experiment showed that whether cats killed rats depended on whether they saw _____

their mothers kill rats Signup and view all the answers

Learning is a ___ in _ due to ___

change; behavior; experience Signup and view all the answers

The human fondness for sugar and _____ illustrates that behavior that has survival value at one time may be harmful at another time

salt Signup and view all the answers

The sight of a chick with an open mouth reliably results in an adult bird providing food. The chick's open mouth is an example of a ____________.

releaser, the trigger for a modal action pattern. Signup and view all the answers

Evolution is the product of _ and _

natural selection; change Signup and view all the answers

A reflex is a _ between a specific _ and a simple response

relationship; event Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of general behavior traits?

Shyness, aggression, OCD, friendliness, fearfulness, introvert, extrovert, etc. Signup and view all the answers

_______ is a reduction in the intensity or probability of a reflex response due to repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response

Habituation Signup and view all the answers

Learning can be thought of as evolved

adaptability Signup and view all the answers

The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that ___________

slow Signup and view all the answers

Darwin likened natural selection to the _____ of animals

breeding Signup and view all the answers

How can evolution occur without the guidance of an intelligent being?

Evolution can occur through changes in our environment, and natural selection. Signup and view all the answers

Gregor Mendel's work on _____ seems to have played no role in Darwin's thinking about evolution

genetics Signup and view all the answers

Reflexes are subject to _ which means an increase in the strength of the reflex response, and _ which means a decrease in the strength of the reflex response

sensitization; habituation Signup and view all the answers

Name and define 2 forces that contribute to evolution.

Natural selection, the modification of attributes of a species; Learning, the change in behavior due to experience. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Natural Selection and Evolution

Natural selection involves individuals with inherited traits surviving and reproducing at higher rates, leading to species adaptation.
Evolution results from natural selection and environmental changes.
Darwin compared natural selection to animal breeding.

Reflex and Behavior

Reflex is the relationship between a specific event and a simple response, often measurable.
Reflexes can be influenced by sensitization (increased response) and habituation (decreased response).
Behavior encompasses any measurable action an organism exhibits.

Modal action patterns (MAPs) are species-specific behaviors or instincts, complex and variable, involving the entire organism.
A releaser is a stimulus that triggers a specific behavioral response, such as a chick's open mouth prompting feeding from adult birds.

Learning and Experience

Learning indicates a change in behavior due to environmental experiences.
General behavior traits include tendencies like shyness and aggression.
Habituation refers to decreased responsiveness with repeated stimulus exposure.

Genetic Mutations and Hybridization

Mutations are random errors in gene replication that result in genetic changes.
Hybridization combines traits from dissimilar organisms to combine beneficial attributes.

Limitations and Adaptations

Natural selection operates slowly, limiting rapid adaptations to environmental changes.
Learning contributes to adaptability over time, affecting behavior based on both experience and environmental shifts.

Kuo's Experiment

In Kuo's study, the behavior of cats towards prey was influenced by witnessing their mothers engage in hunting.

Human Behavior and Evolutionary Context

The human preference for sugar and salt demonstrates how traits beneficial at one time can become detrimental in different contexts.
Reflexes and behaviors are influenced by both genetics and environmental factors, illustrating the complexity of evolution.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology with this quiz based on Chapter 1: Introduction to Learning Flashcards. It covers important terms such as natural selection, reflex, and modal action patterns. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of these foundational concepts.