Biology Chapter 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

It uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body. These changes are called___?

Stimuli

the gathered information is called?

Sensory input

consists of the brain and spinal cord, which occupy the dorsal body cavity and act as the integrating and command centers of the nervous system.

Central nervous system

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord.

Spinal nerves Signup and view all the answers

includes all parts of the nervous system outside the CNS. It consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain.

Peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

carry impulses to and from the brain

Cranial nerves Signup and view all the answers

It processes and interprets the sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment—a process called

Integration Signup and view all the answers

It then causes a response, or effect, by activating muscles or glands (effectors) via

Motor output Signup and view all the answers

These nerves serve as communication lines. They link all parts of the body by carrying impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the appropriate glands or muscles.

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves Signup and view all the answers

Sensory fibers delivering impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints are called

Somatic fibers Signup and view all the answers

those transmitting Impulses from the visceral organs are called

Visceral sensory fibers Signup and view all the answers

carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs, the muscles and glands. These impulses Activate muscles and glands; that is, they effect (bring about or cause) a motor response

Motor division or effector division Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subdivisions of motor division?

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

regulates events that are involuntary, such as the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. This subdivision, commonly called the involuntary nervous system,

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

allows us to consciously, or voluntarily, control our skeletal muscles. Hence, we often refer to this subdivision as the voluntary nervous system.

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Means nerve glue, also called glial cells or glia.

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

Supporting cells in the CNS are lumped together calls?

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

are the most abundant and versatile neuroglia

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

spiderlike phagocytes that monitor the health of nearby neurons and dispose of debris, such as dead brain cells and bacteria

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

phagocytes thatdefend CNS cells.

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half of neural tissue

Astrocytes Signup and view all the answers

neuroglia that line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord. The beating of their cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and forms a protective watery cushion around the CNS

Ependymal cells Signup and view all the answers

neuroglia that wrap their flat extensions (processes) tightly around the nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

surround neurons in the PNS.

Satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

cells line cerebrospinal fluid–filled cavities.

Ependymal cells Signup and view all the answers

act as protective, cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell bodies.

Satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the two cells in the PNS?

Schwann cells and satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

It is an insulating material produced by oligodendrocytes?

Myelin Signup and view all the answers

also called nerve cells, are highly specialized to transmit messages (nerve impulses) fom one part of the body to another.

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

The organelles that are particularly abundant in cell bodies

Rough er called nissl bodies and microfibrils Signup and view all the answers

is the metabolic center of the neuron. Its transparent nucleus contains a large nucleolus.

Cell body Signup and view all the answers

Neuron processes that convey incoming Messages (electrical signals) toward the cell body Are

Dendritis Signup and view all the answers

those that generate nerve impulses and typically conduct them away from the cell body are

Axons Signup and view all the answers

The spaces between myelin sheets

Node of ranviers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

Sensory receptors monitor internal and external changes; these changes are termed stimuli.
Collected sensory information is referred to as sensory input.
The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the dorsal body cavity, serving as command and integration centers.

Nerve Impulses and Communication

Nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord and brain, ensuring communication throughout the body.
Sensory fibers relay impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints; these are known as somatic sensory fibers.
Visceral sensory fibers transmit impulses from internal organs.

Motor Responses

The CNS processes sensory input and formulates responses, termed motor output, by activating muscles or glands (effectors).
The motor division of the nervous system includes two subdivisions:
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Regulates involuntary actions, including smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
- Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Supporting Cells in the CNS

Glial cells, or neuroglia, are essential support cells that outnumber neurons and assist in various functions.
Astrocytes: Star-shaped neuroglia providing structural support and support for neurons.
Microglia: Phagocytic cells that defend the CNS by removing debris and pathogens.
Ependymal Cells: Line brain and spinal cord cavities, aiding in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Oligodendrocytes: Wrap around nerve fibers, forming myelin sheaths that insulate axons.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

PNS includes all nervous system parts outside the CNS.
Schwann cells in the PNS provide myelin insulation for peripheral nerves.
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.
PNS also contains satellite cells, which support and protect neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

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Description

Test your understanding of sensory receptors and their role in monitoring changes within the body and in the environment. This quiz focuses on the concepts introduced in Chapter 1 of your biology textbook. Challenge your knowledge and see how well you grasp these fundamental ideas.