Biology Chapter 1: Cells

False (B)

Benign and malignant; benign tumors do not affect surrounding tissues significantly, while malignant tumors interfere with normal cell function.

<p>metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis = Process of programmed cell death Neoplasm = A mass of cells formed from uncontrolled cell division Hereditary cancer = Cancer that runs in families Environmental factors = External influences that can contribute to cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes = Site of protein assembly Golgi Body = Processes materials for removal Lysosomes = Digestive function in cells Vacuoles = Storage of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of water into the vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The surface area to volume ratio decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion = Movement from high to low concentration Osmosis = Movement of water from low to high solute concentration Cell Division = Process for growth, repair, or reproduction Surface Area to Volume Ratio = Effectiveness of material exchange in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure efficient nutrient uptake and waste elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1 = Cell undergoes normal activities and grows S = Replication of DNA G2 = Preparation for mitosis Cytokinesis = Division of cytoplasm and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors that promote cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoscopy = A tube used to inspect inside the body X-ray = Beams of radiation used to create images of bones MRI = Uses magnetic fields and radio waves for imaging CT scan = Multiple X-rays taken at various angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family medical history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect cancer early</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>healthy balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation Therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>two new daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal Cells = Cleavage furrow Plant Cells = Cell plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daughter chromosomes stretch out and a new nuclear membrane forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of fluids (like water) across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The process by which cells divide to create new cells.

Diffusion is a process that becomes less efficient as cells grow larger. A large cell needs to transport nutrients and waste across a larger distance, making diffusion slow and inefficient.

The ratio of a cell's surface area to its volume. A higher ratio means a cell has more surface area relative to its volume.

As a cell grows, the volume increases faster than the surface area. This leads to a lower SA:Vol ratio, making it harder for nutrients to enter and waste to leave the cell.

Cells tend to divide and remain small to maintain a high SA:Vol ratio. This allows for efficient transport of nutrients and waste, ensuring the cell's survival.

The controlled sequence of events that lead to cell division, consisting of interphase and cell division.

A chemical reaction that allows plants to convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen.

A jelly-like substance that fills cells and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended in. It supports various chemical reactions within the cell.

A double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits. It acts as a selective barrier.

The control center of the cell, containing DNA/chromatin, which carries instructions for all cell activities.

A structure found inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced. Ribosomes build proteins, essential for cell functions.

The hereditary material of the cell, containing all the instructions for an organism's development. It exists in loose strands called chromatin, which coil into chromosomes during cell division.

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for converting sugars into usable energy (ATP).

A network of tubes extending from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane, involved in transporting materials, proteins, and lipids (fats).

Single membrane-bound sacs filled with fluid. Their functions include storage of food, wastes, or water, removal of waste products, and maintaining cell pressure.

A structure that collects, processes, and packages materials to be removed from the cell. Also involved in making and secreting mucus.

A disease where cells divide uncontrollably, often forming tumors.

The uncontrolled growth and division of cells, often resulting in a mass of cells called a tumor (neoplasm).

A non-cancerous tumor that does not spread to other tissues.

A cancerous tumor that can spread to other parts of the body.

The process by which cancer cells break away from the original tumor and form new tumors in other parts of the body.

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes.

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division by replicating its DNA.

The stage within interphase where DNA is replicated, ensuring each daughter cell receives a full copy.

The process where the nucleus divides, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

The final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm and organelles divide, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Proteins that regulate the timing and progression of the cell cycle, ensuring proper and timely completion of each step.

A resting state where a cell is not actively dividing or preparing to divide.

The process by which organisms produce offspring. It can be either asexual or sexual.

The long, thin strands of DNA that are present in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. It is not easily visible.

The first stage of mitosis where the DNA condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.

The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell, attached to spindle fibres.

The stage of mitosis where the centromeres of the chromosomes divide, and the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, unwind, and the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides.

Checkpoints in the cell cycle that ensure the cell is ready to divide. They monitor the DNA for damage and ensure that all the necessary components for division are in place.

Permanent changes in DNA sequence, which might lead to cancer by allowing cells to survive and grow uncontrollably

Environmental factors that can cause cancer, such as smoking, radiation, and certain viruses

Testing for cancer, even if no symptoms exist, to detect it early

Checking your own body for unusual lumps or other changes that could indicate cancer

Using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of internal organs

Using a needle to take a sample of tissue to determine if it's cancerous

Small structures that filter foreign substances like cancer cells

A flexible tube with a light and camera used to examine internal organs for abnormalities

Using a combination of magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of internal organs

Using X-rays taken from different angles to create a 3D image of internal organs