Biology Chapter 1 & 3 Quiz

Chapter 1

• A membrane is a thin layer that separates two regions.
• A cell membrane is a thin layer that surrounds a cell and separates the cell's interior from the exterior environment.
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows some substances to pass through it while preventing others.
• The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which is two layers of phospholipid molecules.
• The phospholipid molecules have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
• The hydrophilic heads face the outside and inside of the cell, while the hydrophobic tails face each other.

Chapter 3

• A substance is a type of matter that has a uniform and definite composition.
• A substance is pure, meaning it is made up of only one type of atom or molecule.
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• A compound is a pure substance that is made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
• A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout, meaning the substances are evenly distributed.
• A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform throughout, meaning the substances are not evenly distributed.

Other

• The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes.
• The law of definite proportions states that a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass.
• The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.
• The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is composed of tiny particles that are in constant motion.
• The states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
• Solids have a definite shape and volume.
• Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape.
• Gasses have no definite shape or volume.
• The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles.
• The pressure of a gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit area.
• Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, assuming constant temperature.
• Charles' Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming constant pressure.
• Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming constant volume.
• The ideal gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws into a single equation.
• The Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure will contain the same number of molecules.