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Questions and Answers
Amoebas are protoctists that live in pond water and resemble ______ cells.
Amoebas are protoctists that live in pond water and resemble ______ cells.
animal
The ______ is a partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
The ______ is a partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
cell membrane
In plant cells, the cell wall is primarily made of ______.
In plant cells, the cell wall is primarily made of ______.
cellulose
Chloroplasts are organelles that serve as the site of ______.
Chloroplasts are organelles that serve as the site of ______.
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Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are the site of ______.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are the site of ______.
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Active transport involves the movement of substances against the ______ gradient.
Active transport involves the movement of substances against the ______ gradient.
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Glycogen serves as an energy store in ______.
Glycogen serves as an energy store in ______.
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Proteins are large molecules made up of ______.
Proteins are large molecules made up of ______.
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The spreading out of particles in solution is known as ______.
The spreading out of particles in solution is known as ______.
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The diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane is called ______.
The diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane is called ______.
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A form of reproduction involving a single parent is known as ______.
A form of reproduction involving a single parent is known as ______.
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The hormone that stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary is called ______.
The hormone that stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary is called ______.
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The monthly cycle in women involving the development and shedding of the uterus lining is known as ______.
The monthly cycle in women involving the development and shedding of the uterus lining is known as ______.
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The transfer of pollen grains from the male to the female part of a plant is called ______.
The transfer of pollen grains from the male to the female part of a plant is called ______.
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Herbivores that consume producers are known as ______.
Herbivores that consume producers are known as ______.
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The diagram showing the numbers of organisms at each trophic level is called a ______.
The diagram showing the numbers of organisms at each trophic level is called a ______.
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Study Notes
Cells
- Cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms.
- Cell membrane: A partially permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
- Cell wall: An outer layer surrounding some cells (e.g., plant cells, made of cellulose; fungi, made of chitin).
- Amoeba: Protoctists living in pond water, resembling animal cells.
- Chlorella: Protoctists with features similar to plant cells (e.g., chloroplasts).
- Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance containing cell organelles, nutrients, and salts.
- DNA: Double-stranded polymer forming a double helix, carrying genetic code.
- Plasmids: Loops of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.
- Plasmodium: Pathogenic protoctists causing malaria.
- Pneumococcus: Spherical pathogenic bacterium causing pneumonia.
- Prokaryotic cells: Bacteria; lack a nucleus.
- Protoctists: Microscopic single-celled organisms.
- Cell differentiation: Process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
- Mitochondria: Site of respiration.
Biological Molecules
- Amino acids: Small molecules building proteins.
- Enzymes: Biological catalysts speeding up reactions.
- Glycogen: Large carbohydrate energy store in animals.
- Lipids: Large molecules (fats and oils) made from fatty acids and glycerol.
- Proteins: Large molecules made of amino acids.
- Starch: Large carbohydrate energy store in plants.
Processes
- Active transport: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
- Concentration gradient: Difference in concentration between two areas.
- Diffusion: Spreading out of particles from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane, from a dilute solution to a concentrated one.
- Active site: Part of an enzyme that fits with the substrate molecule.
Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction: Single parent creates genetically identical offspring (e.g., cuttings).
- Cuttings: Cloning method for plants using branches.
- Embryo: Unborn organism in early development.
- Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Hormone stimulating ovary follicle growth and oestrogen secretion.
- Gametes: Sex cells (sperm and egg).
- Luteinising Hormone (LH): Hormone initiating ovulation.
- Menstrual cycle: Monthly cycle in women involving uterus lining development, ovulation, and shedding.
- Oestrogen: Main female reproductive hormone affecting uterus lining and secondary sex characteristics.
- Placenta: Temporary organ providing nutrients to embryo during pregnancy.
- Pollination: Transfer of pollen for fertilization.
Ecology
- Producers: Photosynthetic organisms starting a food chain (e.g. plants and algae).
- Primary consumers: Herbivores consuming producers.
- Secondary consumers: Carnivores consuming herbivores.
- Tertiary consumers: Carnivores consuming other carnivores.
- Trophic level: Organism's position in a food chain.
- Pyramid of biomass: Diagram showing biomass at each trophic level.
- Pyramid of numbers: Diagram showing numbers of organisms at each trophic level.
- Quadrat: Square grid to sample populations in an ecosystem.
- Progesterone: Hormone maintaining uterus lining.
- Food chain: Sequence of organisms in which one is eaten by another.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cells, the fundamental building blocks of life. This quiz covers various cell types, structures like the membrane and wall, and important organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Test your understanding of cell biology and the roles of different microorganisms.
