25 Questions
Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleus
What is the primary function of the Golgi Body?
sorts and ships proteins
Which organelle is commonly referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
to act as a barrier
Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosomes
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
to detoxify the cell
Which organelle is found in all cell types?
Cytoplasm
What is the function of the Nucleolus?
to make ribosomes
Which organelle makes food during photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the primary function of the coarse adjustment knob in a microscope?
To find the image on the stage and get the image quickly into focus
Which organelle is responsible for storing water and nutrients in eukaryotic cells?
Vacuole
What is the function of the revolving nosepiece in a microscope?
To switch between different magnification lenses
What is the hierarchical order of organization in living organisms?
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Which part of the microscope holds the slide in place on the stage?
Stage Clips
What is the correct order of the structure of life?
Atoms → Molecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organisms
What is the function of the diaphragm in a microscope?
To control the amount of light that reaches the specimen
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Absence of a cell membrane
What is the formula for calculating the size of cells?
M = I / A
What is the function of eukaryotic cells?
To perform diverse functions depending on cell type
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The presence of a nucleus
Which type of cell has a cell wall?
Both prokaryotic and plant cells
What is the method of reproduction for prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
What is the function of organelles in eukaryotic cells?
To perform diverse functions depending on cell type
What is the unit of measurement for cell size?
Micrometer (μm)
Which type of cell has a true nucleus?
Only eukaryotic cells
Study Notes
Cells: Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic units of life, composed of atoms, molecules, organelles, and cytoplasm, and are organized into tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
Characteristics of Life
- Cells exhibit characteristics of life, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, response to stimuli, and evolution.
Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and cell membrane, but have genetic material (DNA) and cytoplasm.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).
- Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole for storage.
- Animal cells have lysosomes for digestion and a centriole for cell division.
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
- Nucleus: stores genetic information/DNA.
- Nucleolus: makes ribosomes.
- Cytoplasm: contains cell contents and acts as a floor for organelles.
- Ribosomes: make proteins.
- Golgi Body: sorts and ships proteins.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: makes proteins for the endomembrane system.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: detoxifies the cell and makes lipids.
- Mitochondria: makes energy ("powerhouse of the cell").
- Cell Membrane: a thin barrier separating the cell from its environment.
- Cell Wall: a rigid barrier protecting the cell (found in plants and prokaryotes).
- Chloroplast: makes food during photosynthesis (found in plants).
- Vacuole: stores water and nutrients.
Microscope Components and Functions
- Revolving Nosepiece (Turret): holds objective lenses and can be rotated to switch between different magnification lenses.
- Coarse Adjustment Knob: responsible for finding the image on the stage and getting the image quickly into focus.
- Diaphragm (or Iris Diaphragm): controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen, adjusting for best illumination.
- Stage Clips: hold the slide in place on the stage to ensure it does not move while observing the specimen.
DNA and RNA
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): genetic material containing instructions for cell growth and function.
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes.
Organ Systems
- A group of organs working together to perform complex functions necessary for the survival of the organism.
Explore the basics of cells, their characteristics, and the functions of microscopes in biology. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of life sciences.
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