Biology: Cell Transport Flashcards

Study Notes

Types of Cell Transport

Three main types of cell transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.

Simple Diffusion

Passive process requiring no energy, allowing small, nonpolar molecules like O2 and CO2 to move freely through the cell membrane.
Movement occurs down the concentration gradient from high to low concentrations.

Osmosis

The specific diffusion of solvent particles, primarily water (H2O), across a semipermeable membrane.
Occurs from an area of higher solvent concentration to lower solvent concentration.

Hypotonic Solution

Defined by a lower concentration of solute particles outside the cell compared to inside.
Results in the flow of water into the cell, potentially causing it to swell.

Isotonic Solution

Characterized by equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
No net movement of water occurs, maintaining cell stability.

Hypertonic Solution

Higher concentration of solute particles outside the cell compared to inside.
Causes water to flow out of the cell, which may lead to cell shrinkage.

Facilitated Diffusion (Passive Transport)

Involves the spontaneous passage of large, polar molecules and ions through specific carrier proteins.
Occurs down the concentration gradient without the need for energy.

Active Transport

Transport mechanism that moves solutes against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
Example includes glucose filtration in kidneys.

Endocytosis

Active transport process in which the cell engulfs materials using its membrane to form vesicles, transporting contents into the cell.

Pinocytosis

A specific type of endocytosis where the cell takes in extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.

Phagocytosis

Type of endocytosis for uptake of large molecules, performed by certain immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils).
Often involves binding a substrate to receptors to initiate ingestion.

Exocytosis

Active process for exporting substances from the cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Important for processes in the nervous system and intracellular signaling.

Description

Test your knowledge on cell transport mechanisms with these flashcards. Learn about simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. This quiz serves as a quick review tool for students studying biology concepts related to cellular processes.