Biology: Cell Structure and Gram Staining
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Questions and Answers

What type of flagellar arrangement is characterized by a bundle of flagella at one end of the cell?

  • Lophotrichous (correct)
  • Amphitrichous
  • Monotrichous
  • Peritrichous
  • Which component of the spore is responsible for its remarkable resistance to heat, dehydration, radiation, and chemicals?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Keratin-like coat (correct)
  • Peptidoglycan
  • What is the function of dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores?

  • Inhibiting toxin production
  • Mediating spore resistance (correct)
  • Enhancing metabolic activity
  • Regulating spore formation
  • Which type of bacteria is identified in the clinical laboratory using specific antibodies against flagellar proteins?

    <p>Salmonella species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane in bacterial spores?

    <p>Separating internal and external environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial genus is associated with the production of toxins, such as tetanus and botulism?

    <p>Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of exposure to water and nutrients on bacterial spores?

    <p>Germination into a potentially pathogenic bacterial cell occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are spores of particular concern in medical settings?

    <p>They are resistant to heat and chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to ensure the sterility of medical products?

    <p>Steam heating under pressure at 121°C for at least 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are spores not typically found in clinical specimens?

    <p>The supply of nutrients is adequate, so they germinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is an example of a spore-forming organism?

    <p>Bacillus anthracis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the cytoplasmic membrane?

    <p>It is similar in structure to eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of detoxifying enzymes in periplasmic proteins?

    <p>To inactivate certain antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Thick and multilayered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in flagellar structure between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Gram-positive have 2 rings, Gram-negative have 4 rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of toxin produced by Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Exotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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