Biology Cell Membrane Mechanisms Quiz

True (A)

Phospholipid

<p>semipermeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic head = The part of the phospholipid molecule attracted to water Hydrophobic tail = The part of the phospholipid molecule repelled by water Integral protein = A protein embedded within the membrane, often spanning the entire membrane Peripheral protein = A protein loosely associated with the membrane surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy = Energy of motion Potential energy = Stored energy Chemical energy = Energy stored in bonds of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycoproteins (C), Glycolipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>passive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration gradient = Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas Isotonic = Solutions with equal solute concentration Hypertonic = Solution with higher solute concentration than another Hypotonic = Solution with lower solute concentration than another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water flows out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the rate of the reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy by bringing reactants together in the correct orientation, stressing chemical bonds, or providing a microenvironment that facilitates the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell will shrink because of osmosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>selectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport = Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without requiring energy. Active transport = Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy. Osmosis = Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. Endocytosis = Process of taking in large molecules by engulfing them in a vesicle. Exocytosis = Process of releasing large molecules by enclosing them in a vesicle and fusing it with the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small, nonpolar molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cofactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach cells will shrink due to water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the energy of activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aquaporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active site = The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds Competitive inhibitor = A substance that competes with the substrate for the active site Osmoregulation = The process of maintaining the balance of water and solutes in cells Facilitated diffusion = Passive transport of substances across a membrane via specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm, causing water to leave the cell.

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm, causing water to enter the cell.

A solution with equal solute concentration compared to the cell's cytoplasm, resulting in no net water movement.

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

A selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell, composed primarily of phospholipids and proteins.

Molecules composed of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming the bilayer of the plasma membrane.

The amount of solute present in a given volume of solution; important for determining osmotic balance in cells.

The difference in solute concentration inside the cell (cytoplasm) compared to the solution outside it (extracellular fluid).

Cell membrane structure where proteins float in a lipid bilayer.

Protein that spans the cell membrane, assisting cell communication.

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Movement of substances across a membrane without energy.

Difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

A state where concentrations are equal on both sides.

The ability to perform work or cause change.

The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules, like glucose.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

No energy change is 100% efficient; some energy is lost as heat.

The sun provides the energy that sustains living organisms.

Energy not stored in glucose, associated with molecular movement.

Principles that govern how energy is transferred and transformed in processes like photosynthesis.

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.

An obstacle that prevents chemical reactions from occurring.

A biological molecule that speeds up chemical reactions.

Reactions that release energy during the process.

Reactions that require energy input to proceed.

Substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction.

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

ATP is the energy currency of cells; ADP is ATP after losing a phosphate.

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Seawater is hypertonic; cells lose water and shrivel.

Movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy.

Process of passive transport of molecules across a membrane via proteins.

The ability of a membrane to allow certain molecules to pass while restricting others.

The process by which cells expel materials in vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane.

An non-protein molecule that assists an enzyme in its function and is necessary for catalytic activity.

The release of antibodies from a white blood cell via exocytosis to fight pathogens.

A specific interaction where an enzyme's active site binds to a substrate, facilitating a chemical reaction.