Respiratory system

Branches of Biology

• Botany: Study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and classification.
• Zoology: Study of animals, including their structure, behavior, evolution, and classification.
• Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Ecology: Study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
• Molecular Biology: Study of the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins.
• Genetics: Study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
• Evolutionary Biology: Study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.

Levels of Organization

• Molecule: The basic building blocks of life, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of life, consisting of a membrane-bound compartment containing biomolecules.
• Tissue: A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
• Organ: A structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
• Organ System: A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
• Organism: A living individual, such as a plant or animal.

Cell Structure and Function

• Cell Membrane: A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out.
• Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
• Nucleus: The control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
• Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
• Ribosomes: Organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Cellular Respiration: The process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
• Gene Expression: The process by which genetic information is converted into a functional product.
• Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates: Energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches, that serve as a source of energy for cells.
• Proteins: Large biomolecules that perform a wide range of functions, including structural, enzymatic, and regulatory roles.
• Lipids: Energy-rich molecules, such as fats and oils, that serve as a source of energy and play a role in cell signaling.
• Nucleic Acids: Molecules, such as DNA and RNA, that contain genetic information.
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): A molecule that serves as a energy currency for cells.

Branches of Biology

• Botany is the study of plants, including their structure, growth, evolution, and classification.
• Zoology is the study of animals, including their structure, behavior, evolution, and classification.
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
• Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
• Molecular Biology is the study of the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins.
• Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
• Evolutionary Biology is the study of the processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.

Levels of Organization

• Molecules are the basic building blocks of life, such as DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life, consisting of a membrane-bound compartment containing biomolecules.
• Tissues are a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
• Organs are structures composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
• Organ Systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
• Organisms are living individuals, such as plants or animals.

Cell Structure and Function

• The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials in and out.
• Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur.
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
• Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
• Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
• Gene Expression is the process by which genetic information is converted into a functional product.
• Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates are energy-rich molecules, such as sugars and starches, that serve as a source of energy for cells.
• Proteins are large biomolecules that perform a wide range of functions, including structural, enzymatic, and regulatory roles.
• Lipids are energy-rich molecules, such as fats and oils, that serve as a source of energy and play a role in cell signaling.
• Nucleic Acids are molecules, such as DNA and RNA, that contain genetic information.
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that serves as an energy currency for cells.