Biomolecules Flashcards for Biology Students

Questions and Answers

What are the 4 types of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates (correct)

Lipids (correct)

Proteins (correct)

Nucleic Acids (correct)

What are lipids?

Lipids form the structure that encloses every single cell on the planet.

What are carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are about energy and can be broken down quickly by the body.

What do proteins do?

Proteins build muscles and are involved in all functions in our body. Signup and view all the answers

What do nucleic acids do?

Nucleic acids provide the code to tell what the protein should do. Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of carbohydrates?

Their monomer is a monosaccharide, and the polymer is called polysaccharide. Signup and view all the answers

What elements are in carbohydrates?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbohydrate ratio?

1:2:1 ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix of most carbohydrate monomers?

-ose Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of monosaccharides.

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of disaccharides.

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of polysaccharides.

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cellulose?

Found in plant cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What is starch found in?

Grains and root vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What is glycogen found in?

Liver and muscle tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are lipid polymers?

Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipid monomers?

A glycerol head and two or three fatty acid chains Signup and view all the answers

What elements are in lipids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, sometimes Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What are saturated lipids?

For every carbon in the fatty acid chain, there are at least two hydrogen atoms attached. Signup and view all the answers

What are unsaturated lipids?

There is a double bond between two carbon atoms, meaning some carbon atoms only have one hydrogen attached. Signup and view all the answers

What do phospholipids replace?

A fatty acid chain with a phosphate group. Signup and view all the answers

What elements are in proteins?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

What is a protein monomer?

Amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is a protein polymer?

Polypeptide Signup and view all the answers

What bond holds amino acids together?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are there?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shape of an amino acid polymer?

Long chain or zigzag Signup and view all the answers

How many polymers are there for a nucleic acid?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What elements are in nucleic acids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What are the 2 types of polymers for nucleic acid?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleic acid monomer called?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 groups in an amino acid structure?

Amino, Hydrogen, Carboxyl, R Group Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of DNA?

Double helix (twisted ladder) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of RNA?

Twisted helix (single) Signup and view all the answers

The more carbon in a molecule, the more energy can be taken out.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Biomolecules

Four main types: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
Carbohydrates: Includes starches and sugars.
Lipids: Comprises fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
Proteins: Functions include enzymes, structure, and hormones.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA are key examples.

Lipids

Essential for cellular structure; they encase all cells.
Without lipids, cellular integrity would be compromised.

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy; efficiently broken down by the body.
Saliva contains enzymes that begin carbohydrate breakdown.

Proteins

Integral to all bodily functions, much more than just muscle building.
Examples include hormones like adrenaline and insulin, which are proteins.

Nucleic Acids

Serve as the genetic blueprint, instructing protein synthesis.

Characteristics of Carbohydrates

Monomer: monosaccharide (single sugar).
Polymers: polysaccharides (multiple sugar units); size affects sweetness.
Common polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Carbohydrates Composition and Structure

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Molecule ratio: always in 1:2:1 format.
Monomers often have names ending in -ose.

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
Disaccharides: Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose.
Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.

Specific Polysaccharides

Cellulose: Found in plant cell walls.
Starch: Present in grains and root vegetables.
Glycogen: Stored in liver and muscle tissues.

Lipids Details

Polymers include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Monomers consist of glycerol and fatty acid chains, often resembling an E shape.
Based on composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and sometimes Phosphorus.

Types of Lipids

Saturated Lipids: Each carbon in fatty acid has at least two hydrogen atoms.
Unsaturated Lipids: Contain double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms.

Phospholipids

Created by replacing a fatty acid chain with a phosphate group, resulting in a polar molecule.

Elements in Proteins

Comprised of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and occasionally Sulfur.
Monomer: amino acids.
Polymer: polypeptides held together by peptide bonds.
There are 20 different amino acids.

Nucleic Acids Structure

Polymers consist of two types: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).
Their monomers are called nucleotides.
Elements include Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

Amino Acid Structure

Four functional groups: Amino, Hydrogen, Carboxyl, and R Group.

Shapes of Nucleic Acids

DNA: Double helix (twisted ladder).
RNA: Single twisted helix.

Energy and Carbon

More carbon in a molecule equates to higher energy potential.

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Description

Explore the four main types of biomolecules through flashcards that define carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of their roles and structures in biology. Perfect for reviewing key concepts in biomolecular science.

Biology Biomolecules Flashcards