Biology Biomolecules Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 types of biomolecules?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Lipids (correct)
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Nucleic Acids (correct)

    • What are lipids?

    Lipids form the structure that encloses every single cell on the planet.

    What are carbohydrates?

    Carbohydrates are about energy and can be broken down quickly by the body.

    What do proteins do?

    <p>Proteins build muscles and are involved in all functions in our body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nucleic acids do?

    <p>Nucleic acids provide the code to tell what the protein should do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some characteristics of carbohydrates?

    <p>Their monomer is a monosaccharide, and the polymer is called polysaccharide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are in carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carbohydrate ratio?

    <p>1:2:1 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of most carbohydrate monomers?

    <p>-ose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give examples of monosaccharides.

    <p>Glucose, Fructose, Galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give examples of disaccharides.

    <p>Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give examples of polysaccharides.

    <p>Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cellulose?

    <p>Found in plant cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is starch found in?

    <p>Grains and root vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glycogen found in?

    <p>Liver and muscle tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lipid polymers?

    <p>Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lipid monomers?

    <p>A glycerol head and two or three fatty acid chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are in lipids?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, sometimes Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are saturated lipids?

    <p>For every carbon in the fatty acid chain, there are at least two hydrogen atoms attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are unsaturated lipids?

    <p>There is a double bond between two carbon atoms, meaning some carbon atoms only have one hydrogen attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do phospholipids replace?

    <p>A fatty acid chain with a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are in proteins?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protein monomer?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protein polymer?

    <p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bond holds amino acids together?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids are there?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of an amino acid polymer?

    <p>Long chain or zigzag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many polymers are there for a nucleic acid?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are in nucleic acids?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 2 types of polymers for nucleic acid?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleic acid monomer called?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 groups in an amino acid structure?

    <p>Amino, Hydrogen, Carboxyl, R Group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of DNA?

    <p>Double helix (twisted ladder)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of RNA?

    <p>Twisted helix (single)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more carbon in a molecule, the more energy can be taken out.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Biomolecules

    • Four main types: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
    • Carbohydrates: Includes starches and sugars.
    • Lipids: Comprises fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
    • Proteins: Functions include enzymes, structure, and hormones.
    • Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA are key examples.

    Lipids

    • Essential for cellular structure; they encase all cells.
    • Without lipids, cellular integrity would be compromised.

    Carbohydrates

    • Primary source of energy; efficiently broken down by the body.
    • Saliva contains enzymes that begin carbohydrate breakdown.

    Proteins

    • Integral to all bodily functions, much more than just muscle building.
    • Examples include hormones like adrenaline and insulin, which are proteins.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Serve as the genetic blueprint, instructing protein synthesis.

    Characteristics of Carbohydrates

    • Monomer: monosaccharide (single sugar).
    • Polymers: polysaccharides (multiple sugar units); size affects sweetness.
    • Common polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

    Carbohydrates Composition and Structure

    • Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
    • Molecule ratio: always in 1:2:1 format.
    • Monomers often have names ending in -ose.

    Types of Carbohydrates

    • Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
    • Disaccharides: Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose.
    • Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.

    Specific Polysaccharides

    • Cellulose: Found in plant cell walls.
    • Starch: Present in grains and root vegetables.
    • Glycogen: Stored in liver and muscle tissues.

    Lipids Details

    • Polymers include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
    • Monomers consist of glycerol and fatty acid chains, often resembling an E shape.
    • Based on composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and sometimes Phosphorus.

    Types of Lipids

    • Saturated Lipids: Each carbon in fatty acid has at least two hydrogen atoms.
    • Unsaturated Lipids: Contain double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms.

    Phospholipids

    • Created by replacing a fatty acid chain with a phosphate group, resulting in a polar molecule.

    Elements in Proteins

    • Comprised of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and occasionally Sulfur.
    • Monomer: amino acids.
    • Polymer: polypeptides held together by peptide bonds.
    • There are 20 different amino acids.

    Nucleic Acids Structure

    • Polymers consist of two types: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).
    • Their monomers are called nucleotides.
    • Elements include Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

    Amino Acid Structure

    • Four functional groups: Amino, Hydrogen, Carboxyl, and R Group.

    Shapes of Nucleic Acids

    • DNA: Double helix (twisted ladder).
    • RNA: Single twisted helix.

    Energy and Carbon

    • More carbon in a molecule equates to higher energy potential.

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    Description

    Explore the four main types of biomolecules through flashcards that define carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of their roles and structures in biology. Perfect for reviewing key concepts in biomolecular science.

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