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Questions and Answers
What is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
During cellular respiration, what is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle?
During cellular respiration, what is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle?
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
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What is the purpose of glycolysis in cellular respiration?
What is the purpose of glycolysis in cellular respiration?
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What is the byproduct of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the byproduct of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Autotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through various metabolic processes. There are two main types of autotrophs: photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
Photosynthesis
Definition: Photosynthesis is the process by which photoautotrophs convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.
Light-Dependent Reactions:
- Occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
- Light energy is absorbed by pigments (e.g., chlorophyll) and converted into ATP and NADPH
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
- Occur in stroma of chloroplasts
- ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO2 into glucose
Overall Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
Cellular Respiration
Definition: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose and other organic molecules.
Stages of Cellular Respiration:
- Glycolysis: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH
- Pyruvate Oxidation: Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and FADH2
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Breakdown of acetyl-CoA into CO2, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2
- Electron Transport Chain: Transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate ATP
Overall Equation: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP (energy)
Autotrophs
- Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through various metabolic processes.
- There are two main types of autotrophs: photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which photoautotrophs convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.
- Light energy is absorbed by pigments (e.g., chlorophyll) and converted into ATP and NADPH in the light-dependent reactions.
- ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO2 into glucose in the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
- The overall equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose and other organic molecules.
- The stages of cellular respiration include: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle), and electron transport chain.
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
- Pyruvate oxidation converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and FADH2.
- The citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle) breaks down acetyl-CoA into CO2, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
- The electron transport chain transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate ATP.
- The overall equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP (energy).
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Description
Learn about autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food, and the process of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy.
