Biology and Sustainable Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of microbes in bread making?

To enhance nutritional value

To create a dense texture

To generate CO2 and alcohol for leavening (correct)

To produce flavors and aromas

Which bacterium is responsible for the pungent flavor in rye bread?

Escherichia coli

Streptococcus

Lactobacillus (correct)

Bacillus subtilis

Which process involves the transfer of DNA from one organism to another?

Natural selection

Gene editing

Genetic engineering (correct)

Cell differentiation

What is a key application of genetic engineering in agriculture?

Development of transgenic plants Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is NOT typically selected for in animal breeding?

Color of the animal Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does genetic modification provide to livestock production?

Improved disease resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which process includes the use of microbial enzymes to condition dough?

Kneading Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms result from genetic engineering?

Transgenic organisms Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes chronic food insecurity?

It leads to long-term patterns of deprivation. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence food availability?

Social media trends Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of nutrition security?

Adequate sanitation Signup and view all the answers

One way biologists contribute to sustainable development is by:

Identifying and monitoring ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of food insecurity?

Political instability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of single cell protein (SCP)?

Yeast Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of sustainability is NOT typically addressed by biologists?

Organizing social events Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of biotechnology applications?

To develop products that benefit humans Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is primarily used to produce Spirulina as an alternative protein source?

Species of algae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactobacillus plantarum in meat fermentation?

To add flavor Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are used in yogurt production?

Lactobacilli and Streptococci Signup and view all the answers

In the fermentation process for alcoholic beverages, what is the main function of the strain Saccharomyces?

To ferment sugary juices Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of Fusarium venenatum in food production?

To act as a meat substitute source (mycoprotein) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is responsible for producing cultured buttermilk from skim milk?

Streptococcus cremoris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of treating juice with sulfur dioxide in winemaking?

To prevent oxidation and spoilage Signup and view all the answers

What distinct effect do fungi such as Penicillium and Aspergillus have on hams?

They give a distinctive odor Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the risks associated with reproductive cloning?

Serious genetic malfunctioning Signup and view all the answers

What is biological warfare primarily concerned with?

Use of biological toxins to incapacitate targets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms can be observed without magnification?

Some eukaryotic microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is microbiology primarily the study of?

Microorganisms and their interactions Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the first successful reproductive cloning of an adult with known characteristics?

Dolly the sheep Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using BT-Cotton in agriculture?

It reduces pest attacks by producing a toxic protein. Signup and view all the answers

Transgenic animals are primarily used to express which type of products?

Recombinant proteins needed for medical use. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of creating transgenic plants?

Production of alcoholic beverages. Signup and view all the answers

How are genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) utilized in agriculture?

To insert a toxic protein against pests within plants. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is commonly associated with transgenic crops?

They are less susceptible to diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major application of transgenic animals in biotechnology?

Producing human proteins in animal milk or eggs. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of transgenic plants is NOT commonly improved through genetic modification?

Edibility for pets. Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does using less pesticide offer in agriculture?

Reduced risk of harming non-target insect species. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Conscious Citizens and Sustainability

Conscious citizens are responsible for transforming skills into actions by making ethical decisions.
Biology helps in understanding social, global, and environmental issues, it pushes towards sustainability.
Sustainable development has three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental.
Biologists play a role in sustainable development by protecting, managing, and monitoring existing resources, finding ways to clean up pollution, identifying, recording, and monitoring animals and plants.

Biotechnology Applications

Biotechnology uses living organisms or their products to develop products benefiting humans.

Single Cell Protein (SCP)

SCP is derived from dead and dry cells of microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, fungi, and algae.
SCP is an alternative to conventional protein sources.
Spirulina algae is a viable alternative to green plants as a primary nutrient source.
Mycoprotein, derived from fungi like Fusarium venenatum, is a meat substitute.
Bacteria like Mathylophilus mathylotrophus and Fusarium venenatum are used as animal feed.
Fermentation processes involving propionic bacteria produce vitamin B12 and B2.

Fermented Meat

Microbes like Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae add flavor to fermenting meats.
Fungi such as Penicillium and Aspergillus provide a distinctive odor to hams.

Production of Beer, Wine, and Spirits

Beer and wine are made by fermenting sugary juices.
Spirits like whiskey and gin are produced by fermenting juices and distilling the fermented product.
Saccharomyces strains are the fermenters for all alcoholic beverages.

Dairy Industry

Microorganisms play a crucial role in dairy product production.
Streptococcus cremoris produces cultured buttermilk from skim milk.
S.lactis, S diacetylactis, Leuconostoc citrovoum, and L.cremoris make buttermilk with various flavors and create sour cream.
Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus are used in yogurt production.
Lactobacillus acidophilus is used in acidophilus milk production.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus makes milk more acidic and lacks flavor.

Bread Making

Microbes contribute to leavening, kneading, and conditioning of bread dough.
Leaven (release of gas) produces a porous and spongy product.
Kneading incorporates air into the dough.
Microbial enzymes break down flour proteins (gluten) giving the dough elasticity.
Fermentation generates CO2, alcohol, and other volatile organic acids.
Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species are responsible for the flavor of rye bread.
L.sanfrancise is responsible for the sour dough bread flavor.

Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering involves transferring DNA from one organism to another, resulting in genetic modification and the production of transgenic organisms.
Applications include pharmaceutical production, gene therapy, and the development of transgenic plants and animals.

Animal Breeding and Transgenic Animals

Animal breeding focuses on the genetic value of livestock, selecting for superior traits.
Transgenic animals have been modified for desirable traits.
Applications include: enhancing prolificacy, reproductive performance, increasing feed utilization, growth rate, improving carcass composition, improving milk production, modifying hair or fiber, and enhancing disease resistance.

Pest Resistant Crops

Pest attacks are common problems in crops.
BT-Cotton is an example of a pest-resistant crop.
Bacillus thuringiensis genes are inserted into cotton, producing a protein toxic to insects, resulting in increased production.

Transgenic Animals

Recombinant proteins used in medicine are produced in bacteria.
Eukaryotic animal hosts are required for proper processing of some proteins.
Genes are cloned and expressed in animals like sheep, goats, chickens, and mice.
Transgenic animals express recombinant DNA.
Human proteins are expressed in the milk of transgenic sheep and goats, and in the eggs of chickens.
Mice are used for expressing and studying recombinant genes and mutations.

Transgenic Plants

Manipulating plant DNA (GMOs) creates desirable traits: disease resistance, herbicide and pesticide resistance, better nutritional value, and longer shelf life.
Plants are a primary source of food for humans.
Farmers have selected for desirable plant traits long before biotechnology practices.

Biological Warfare

Biological warfare is the intentional use of biological toxins or infectious agents to kill or incapacitate humans, animals, or plants.
Environmental contamination poses a long-term threat to populations.

Microorganisms

Microorganisms are organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Microbiology is the study of microbes.
Microbes are very small life forms requiring magnification to be observed.
Microorganisms include fungi, bacteria, algae, protozoa, and viruses.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms are visible without magnification.
Microbiology encompasses bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminthes (parasitic worms).

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Description

Explore the intersection of biology and sustainability in this quiz. Understand how conscious citizenry and biotechnology contribute to ethical decision-making and sustainable practices. Dive into applications like Single Cell Protein and its role in food sources.