Biology and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal physiological concentration range for potassium ions (K+) in plasma?

  • 1.5-3.0 mmol/L
  • 2.5-4.0 mmol/L
  • 4.5-6.0 mmol/L
  • 3.5-5.0 mmol/L (correct)

    • Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the structural integrity of proteins?

  • Ionic bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Van der Waals forces
  • Covalent bonds

    • What physiological role does pulmonary surfactant serve in the human body?

  • Enhances oxygen transport
  • Prevents dehydration
  • Reduces blood pressure
  • Reduces surface tension in the lungs (correct)

    • How does a deficiency in pulmonary surfactant affect newborns?

    <p>It causes respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of organic molecules is primarily involved in providing energy for cellular processes?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of water molecules in biological systems?

    <p>Transport of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is characterized by a long, fibrous structure and provides support and strength?

    <p>Structural proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physiological unit used to express molarity?

    <p>mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polysaccharides in the body?

    <p>To store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and fructose?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monosaccharides linked together to form larger carbohydrates?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme specifically digests the disaccharide lactose?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the hydrolysis of glycogen?

    <p>Glucose monomers are released into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary waste product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for 0.9% sodium chloride when used in medicine?

    <p>Physiological saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed by the transfer of electrons?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the atomic number of an element defined?

    <p>The number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about covalent compounds is true?

    <p>They are formed by sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes ionic compounds in terms of their melting points and solvent solubility?

    <p>They have high melting points and are soluble in polar solvents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positively charged ions in an atom are known as what?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of an atom defined as?

    <p>Sum of protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>Transport nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is primarily involved in blood clotting?

    <p>Calcium (Ca2+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood volume is typically composed of plasma?

    <p>55-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for the structure of hemoglobin?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dehydration affect plasma levels in the blood?

    <p>Decreases plasma levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major extracellular cation in the blood?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does the body store its chemical energy?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells in the lungs?

    <p>Secrete surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily caused by insufficient production of surfactant in newborns?

    <p>Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about surfactants is true?

    <p>They prevent alveoli from collapsing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of organic molecules?

    <p>They are substances that contain carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule synthesis process involves the removal of a water molecule?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are macromolecules broken down within the cell?

    <p>By hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

    <p>$C_n(H_2O)_n$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of biomolecules is responsible for providing energy and structural components in living organisms?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to alveoli without sufficient surfactant?

    <p>They collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the diet based on their classification?

    <p>Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

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