Biology and Physics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction between a luminous and non-luminous light source?

  • Luminous sources require external power, while non-luminous sources do not.
  • Luminous sources are always natural, while non-luminous sources are artificial.
  • Luminous sources emit light, while non-luminous sources reflect light. (correct)
  • Luminous sources emit infrared radiation, while non-luminous sources emit ultraviolet radiation.

Which process describes light emission due to an object's high temperature?

  • Fluorescence
  • Incandescence (correct)
  • Refraction
  • Phosphorescence

What is the key similarity between fluorescence and phosphorescence?

  • Both are temperature-dependent processes.
  • Both continue to emit light after the excitation source is removed.
  • Both involve the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) energy and its re-emission as visible light. (correct)
  • Both emit light immediately upon excitation.

How does phosphorescence differ from fluorescence?

<p>Phosphorescence emits visible light over a longer period, while fluorescence does so immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a luminous light source?

<p>The Sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the heart in the body?

<p>To pump blood throughout the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

<p>Producing hormones to regulate body functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lungs?

<p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue type forms the outer protective layer of plant parts?

<p>Dermal tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vascular tissue in plants?

<p>Transporting water, minerals, and nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical property?

<p>Flammability of propane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialized cells control gas exchange in plant leaves?

<p>Guard cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is known for its general lack of chemical reactivity?

<p>Noble gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core tenet of the cell theory?

<p>Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic that differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

<p>Cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of the cell membrane allows it to control which substances enter or exit the cell?

<p>Selective permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum within a cell?

<p>Transport of materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms use cell division for all of the following EXCEPT:

<p>Excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

<p>The speed of reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does osmosis differ from diffusion?

<p>Osmosis is the movement of water, while diffusion is the movement of any chemical substance, but diffusion can happen anywhere. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane completely dissolve?

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a malignant tumor?

<p>A tumor that interferes with the functioning of surrounding cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical reaction involves two or more reactants combining to form a single product?

<p>Synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment designed to demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass, what should remain constant?

<p>The total mass of the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beryllium forming an ionic bond with Fluorine will result in which of the following?

<p>Beryllium cations and Fluorine anions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a solution has a pH of 3, how does its acidity compare to a solution with a pH of 5?

<p>100 times more acidic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is generally a property of bases?

<p>Feels slippery to the touch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a double displacement reaction, what is being exchanged?

<p>Ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the ion $O^{2-}$. Which noble gas is isoelectronic with it?

<p>Neon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is represented by the general formula $A + BC -> AC + B$?

<p>Single displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two substances are consistently produced during neutralization reactions?

<p>Salt and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios directly contributes to a rise in sea level?

<p>Melting of glaciers on land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a clean energy source?

<p>Fossil fuels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with geoengineering projects?

<p>Discouraging efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary power source that drives Earth's climate system?

<p>The sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of incoming solar energy is absorbed by Earth's land and oceans?

<p>51% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main component of the Earth's climate system?

<p>Minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Ontario's Drive Clean program?

<p>To reduce smog-causing emissions from vehicles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What human activity directly contributes to the increased trapping of infrared radiation, leading to a higher average global temperature?

<p>The anthropogenic greenhouse effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these activities contributes most significantly to an individual's personal greenhouse gas emissions?

<p>Transportation and home energy use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Luminous light source

A light source that produces its own light, like the sun.

Non-luminous light source

A light source that does not produce its own light, like the moon.

Incandescence

The process of producing light by heating an object to a very high temperature.

Phosphorescence

A type of luminescence where a material absorbs UV light and slowly releases it as visible light.

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Fluorescence

A type of luminescence where a material absorbs UV light and immediately releases it as visible light.

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What is the heart's main function?

The heart's primary role is to circulate blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide.

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What are the main functions of blood?

Blood is responsible for transporting oxygen and vital nutrients to cells, carrying away waste products like carbon dioxide, and protecting the body against infections.

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What is the role of the lungs?

The lungs' main function is to absorb oxygen from the air and transfer it into the bloodstream, then remove carbon dioxide from the blood and release it into the atmosphere.

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Name and describe the three main tissue types in plants.

Dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of plants, covering leaves, stems, and roots. Vascular tissue is specialized for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Ground tissue fills in the remaining spaces and performs various functions like storage and photosynthesis.

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What are the main functions of plant roots?

Plant roots are responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil, storing food reserves, and transporting these resources to the rest of the plant.

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Distinguish between physical and chemical properties.

A chemical property describes how a substance reacts or changes its composition when interacting with other substances. A physical property describes characteristics that can be observed or measured without altering the substance's composition.

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What are alkali metals and give an example?

Group IA elements are called alkali metals. They are highly reactive and tend to lose one electron to form positive ions. Example: Lithium (Li).

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Which group of elements are unreactive, and why?

Group VIIIA elements are called noble gases. They are unreactive due to having a full outer shell of electrons. Example: Helium (He).

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What happens during neutralization?

When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other, forming salt (an ionic compound) and water.

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Why does melting land ice raise sea levels, but melting floating ice doesn't?

Melting icebergs or floating ice does not raise sea levels because they already displace their weight in water. However, melting glaciers and ice sheets on land do raise sea levels because they add extra water to the ocean.

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What are the major causes of rising sea levels?

Thermal expansion of water due to warming, melting glaciers and ice sheets adding water, and loss of ice shelves and polar ice exposing darker surfaces that absorb more heat all contribute to rising sea levels.

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Name six examples of clean energy sources.

Wind power, geothermal energy, solar power, hydroelectricity, biofuels, and nuclear energy are all considered clean energy sources because they produce electricity without releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases.

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What is the anthropogenic greenhouse effect?

The increase in lower-energy infrared radiation trapped by the atmosphere due to higher levels of greenhouse gases caused by human activities leads to an increase in Earth's average global temperature.

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What are the primary causes of increased greenhouse gas emissions?

Burning fossil fuels for energy and transportation, deforestation, and agricultural practices (including waste) are the main causes of increased greenhouse gas emissions.

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How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

Cutting down forests reduces the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by trees. This leads to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, decreased carbon dioxide absorption, and the release of methane from decomposing trees.

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What are the key aspects of Ontario's climate change plan for construction and agriculture?

Ontario's Go Green Action Plan focuses on sustainable materials, energy efficiency, and rules in construction. In agriculture, the plan promotes sustainable farming, methane emission reduction, and optimizing fertilizer use.

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What are the main sources of personal greenhouse gas emissions and steps to reduce them?

The largest contributors to personal greenhouse gas emissions are transportation and home energy use. Individuals can reduce their emissions by using public transport, carpooling, energy-efficient appliances, and reducing waste through recycling and composting.

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What are isoelectronic species?

Isoelectronic species have the same number of electrons. For example, a noble gas atom and an ion with the same number of electrons would be isoelectronic.

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Explain ionic bonding.

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal atom loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, and a nonmetal atom gains electrons to become a negatively charged anion. The oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming an ionic compound.

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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in a closed system, the total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction must equal the total mass of the products after the reaction. No mass is created or destroyed.

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What is a synthesis reaction?

A synthesis reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. For example, A + B → AB.

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What is a decomposition reaction?

A decomposition reaction is a chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. For example, AB → A + B.

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What is a combustion reaction?

A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction that involves rapid reaction with oxygen, producing heat and light. Often involves organic compounds. For example, CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O.

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What is an indicator?

An indicator is a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base (alkali). This color change helps determine the pH of a solution.

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What is pH and how does it relate to acids and bases?

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A lower pH indicates a stronger acid, while a higher pH indicates a stronger base. A pH of 7 is neutral.

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What is a cell?

The simplest unit of life, capable of carrying out all life processes. Everything living is made up of at least one cell.

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What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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What is selective permeability?

A cell membrane allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. It acts like a selective gatekeeper.

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What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A network of branching tubes and pockets within the cytoplasm, responsible for transporting materials like proteins.

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What is cell division?

The process where cells divide to create new cells, essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

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What is mitosis?

A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

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What is cytokinesis?

The process where a new cell wall forms, separating the cytoplasm of two newly formed daughter cells.

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What is a benign tumor?

A tumor that does not spread to other tissues and is usually harmless.

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What is a malignant tumor?

A tumor that invades surrounding tissues and may spread to other parts of the body (cancerous).

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Study Notes

Light Sources

  • A luminous light source produces its own light, for example the Sun
  • A non-luminous light source does not produce its own light, for example the moon

Incandescence

  • Incandescence is the process of producing light by heating an object to a high temperature, as objects become very hot and it emits visible light.

Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

  • Both involve materials absorbing ultraviolet energy and releasing it as visible light.
  • Phosphorescent materials turn absorbed UV light into emitted visible light over varying periods of time, but fluorescent materials do so immediately.

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Description

Test your knowledge with this quiz covering key concepts in biology and physics. Questions range from light sources to the functions of the heart and lungs, as well as plant tissue types. Challenge yourself and learn interesting facts about these important subjects!

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