Biology and Physics Basics

Cell Structure: Cells are the basic units of life, consisting of a nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule containing genetic instructions for an organism's development and function.
Evolution: The process by which species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms.

Newton's Laws:
1. Inertia: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion.
2. Force and Acceleration: Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.
3. Action and Reaction: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Energy: The ability to do work, measured in units such as joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Wavelength and Frequency: The distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs (wavelength) and the number of oscillations per second (frequency) of a wave.

Football: A sport played between two teams of 11 players each, with the objective of scoring points by carrying or throwing the ball into the end zone.
Basketball: A fast-paced team sport played with a round ball and a hoop, with the objective of scoring points by shooting the ball into the opponent's basket.
Baseball: A bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, with the objective of scoring runs by hitting the ball with a bat and running around the four bases.

Tennis: A racket sport played between two players (singles) or four players (doubles), with the objective of hitting the ball over the net and into the opponent's court.
Golf: A precision club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course.
Swimming: A competitive sport in which athletes race against each other in various strokes, such as freestyle, backstroke, and breaststroke.

Ancient Egypt: A civilization that flourished along the Nile River from around 3100 BCE to 30 BCE, known for its pyramids, mummies, and pharaohs.
Ancient Greece: A civilization that thrived from around 800 BCE to 146 CE, known for its contributions to philosophy, theater, and democracy.
Ancient Rome: A civilization that dominated Europe from around 27 BCE to 476 CE, known for its laws, architecture, and military conquests.

World War I: A global conflict from 1914 to 1918 involving many countries, including the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.
World War II: A global conflict from 1939 to 1945 involving many countries, including the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers.

Cells are the fundamental units of life, featuring organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell membrane.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) provides the genetic blueprint for an organism's growth and functionality.
Evolution involves species alteration over time via natural selection, genetic drift, and other biological mechanisms.

Newton's Laws of Motion:
- Inertia: Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, while moving objects continue to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
- Force and Acceleration: The relationship is established with the formula F = m × a (force equals mass times acceleration).
- Action and Reaction: Every force exerted has an equal and opposite force acting in the reverse direction.
Energy, the capability to perform work, is quantified in joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Wavelength denotes the distance between consecutive wave peaks or troughs, while frequency indicates how many oscillations occur in one second.

Football: Played between two teams of 11 players, the goal is to score by advancing the ball into the end zone.
Basketball: Involves two teams competing to score points by shooting a ball through a hoop; known for its quick pace.
Baseball: A bat-and-ball game where two teams of nine players aim to score runs by hitting a ball, running around four bases.

Tennis: Played either as singles or doubles, players hit a ball over a net to land in the opponent's court.
Golf: Players use diverse clubs to hit balls into designated holes across a course; focuses on precision.
Swimming: Athletes compete in various strokes, including freestyle and breaststroke, racing against each other in the water.

Ancient Egypt: Lasted from around 3100 BCE to 30 BCE, notable for pyramids, mummies, and powerful pharaohs.
Ancient Greece: Thrived from approximately 800 BCE to 146 CE, recognized for its advancements in philosophy, theater, and the establishment of democratic principles.
Ancient Rome: Dominated Europe from around 27 BCE to 476 CE, known for its significant impact on law, architecture, and military power.

World War I: Spanning 1914 to 1918, it was a major global conflict involving the Allied Powers and Central Powers.
World War II: Occurred from 1939 to 1945, also a worldwide conflict comprising the Axis Powers and Allied Powers.