Biology and Chemistry Quiz

A type of system where energy can enter and leave, but matter cannot.

A type of system where neither energy nor matter can enter or leave.

A process that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a usable form for organisms.

Feedback that amplifies the change in a stock.

Feedback that counteracts the change in a stock.

A natural process that involves the movement of phosphorus between living organisms and the environment.

A natural process that involves the movement of nitrogen between living organisms and the environment.

A natural process that involves the movement of carbon between living organisms and the environment.

The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth, extending from the surface up to 10-19 km, where most of the atmosphere's mass and weather events occur.

A layer of the atmosphere located above the troposphere, extending from 10-19 km to 50 km, containing the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

The coldest layer of the atmosphere, extending from 50 km to 80 km above Earth, where temperatures can reach as low as -148 degrees Fahrenheit.

The outermost layer of the atmosphere, extending above the mesosphere, characterized by very high temperatures due to solar and cosmic radiation, and very low density due to weak gravity.

Changes in temperature that occur due to the transfer of heat energy into or out of a system.

Changes in temperature within a system without any heat being added or removed. The temperature changes are caused by expansion or compression of the air.

The rate at which a rising parcel of unsaturated (dry) air cools, approximately 10 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters.

The rate at which a rising parcel of saturated (moist) air cools, approximately 6 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters., but this varies with temperature.

Large bodies of air, typically several kilometers thick and thousands of kilometers wide, characterized by relatively uniform temperature and humidity.

Areas of high atmospheric pressure formed by cooling air masses that become denser and sink, generally associated with clear and dry weather.

The amount of time a molecule spends in a particular reservoir.

The process of water flowing over the land surface.

The process of water soaking into the soil.

The vertical movement of water through soil and rock layers.

The proportion of a material that is empty space.

The ability of a material to allow water to flow through it.

An area of land where water drains into a common body like a river, lake, or ocean.

Lines of high ground that separate drainage basins.

An ecosystem in a lake, pond, or other relatively still water.

An ecosystem in a flowing water system, such as a river or stream.

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together.

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

A protected area surrounded by unprotected areas, making it vulnerable to factors like disease and inbreeding.

Protected strips of land connecting isolated habitats, allowing species to migrate and avoid the ecological island effect.

A law that prohibits illegal trade in wildlife, fish, and plants, establishing a federal agency to enforce it.

An international agreement that bans hunting, capturing, and selling of endangered species.

An international agreement committed to expanding protected areas, restoring ecosystems, and ensuring sustainable use of nature.

A management approach that considers the long-term health of forests beyond just harvesting resources. It prioritizes ecosystem health, biodiversity, and sustainable practices.

A strategy that encourages periodic grazing to benefit grasslands. It involves rotating grazing areas to allow for regrowth and prevent overgrazing, ultimately promoting ecosystem health and biodiversity.

A method of land management that considers the needs of biodiversity alongside agricultural production. Practices include planting hedgerows for habitat and windbreaks, and selecting crops that support a variety of species.

A system for planning how land is used within a community. It involves zoning, which regulates development and activities in specific areas to manage growth and protect natural resources.

A strategy that seeks to address the negative impacts of existing land use practices on the environment. This involves restoring damaged ecosystems, implementing conservation efforts, and promoting sustainable land management practices.