Biology and Chemistry Overview Quiz

Biology

• Cell Biology

  • Structure and function of cells (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic).
  • Organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
  • Cell division: mitosis and meiosis processes and significance.

• Genetics

  • Basics of heredity, chromosomes, genes, and alleles.
  • Mendelian genetics: laws of segregation and independent assortment.
  • Concepts of dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous.

• Ecology

  • Ecosystems: components (producers, consumers, decomposers).
  • Food chains vs. food webs.
  • Biomes and biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen).

Chemistry

• Basic Concepts

  • Matter and its states: solid, liquid, gas.
  • Elements, compounds, and mixtures.
  • Chemical reactions: reactants, products, and balancing equations.

• Atomic Structure

  • Structure of an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
  • Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes.
  • Introduction to periodic table: groups, periods, and trends (metals, non-metals, metalloids).

• Bonding

  • Types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
  • Properties of substances based on bonding.
  • Molecular vs. empirical formulas.

Botany

• Plant Anatomy

  • Plant cell structure: similarities and differences with animal cells.
  • Tissues: meristematic vs. permanent.
  • Organs: roots, stems, leaves – functions and structures.

• Plant Physiology

  • Photosynthesis: light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
  • Plant hormones: roles of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid.
  • Water transport: transpiration and cohesion-tension theory.

• Plant Classification

  • Major plant groups: angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses.
  • Taxonomy: binomial nomenclature, hierarchy of classification (kingdom, phylum, class, etc.).
  • Importance of biodiversity and conservation.