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Questions and Answers
In Mendelian genetics, which of the following best describes homozygous alleles?
What is the primary purpose of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following describes a key difference between an ecosystem and a biome?
What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
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Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for regulating plant growth and elongation?
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Study Notes
Biology
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Cell Biology
- Structure and function of cells (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic).
- Organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
- Cell division: mitosis and meiosis processes and significance.
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Genetics
- Basics of heredity, chromosomes, genes, and alleles.
- Mendelian genetics: laws of segregation and independent assortment.
- Concepts of dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous.
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Ecology
- Ecosystems: components (producers, consumers, decomposers).
- Food chains vs. food webs.
- Biomes and biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen).
Chemistry
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Basic Concepts
- Matter and its states: solid, liquid, gas.
- Elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Chemical reactions: reactants, products, and balancing equations.
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Atomic Structure
- Structure of an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
- Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes.
- Introduction to periodic table: groups, periods, and trends (metals, non-metals, metalloids).
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Bonding
- Types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
- Properties of substances based on bonding.
- Molecular vs. empirical formulas.
Botany
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Plant Anatomy
- Plant cell structure: similarities and differences with animal cells.
- Tissues: meristematic vs. permanent.
- Organs: roots, stems, leaves – functions and structures.
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Plant Physiology
- Photosynthesis: light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
- Plant hormones: roles of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid.
- Water transport: transpiration and cohesion-tension theory.
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Plant Classification
- Major plant groups: angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses.
- Taxonomy: binomial nomenclature, hierarchy of classification (kingdom, phylum, class, etc.).
- Importance of biodiversity and conservation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology and chemistry, covering cell biology, genetics, ecology, basic chemistry principles, and atomic structure. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of crucial scientific principles. Perfect for students looking to solidify their grasp on these topics.
