Biology and Chemistry Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the final step of the scientific method?

Conclude (correct)

Experiment

Analyze

Observe

Which of the following best describes an atom?

The smallest unit of life

A type of covalent bond

The smallest unit of matter (correct)

A collection of molecules

What role do enzymes play in living organisms?

Provide structural support to cells

Generate energy

Store genetic information

Facilitate chemical reactions (correct)

Which statement correctly describes the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds involve the attraction between charged ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleotides in organisms?

Store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the unique structure of phospholipids?

Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail Signup and view all the answers

When do chromosomes condense during cell division?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes covalent bonds?

Electrons are shared. Signup and view all the answers

What do enzymes primarily do in biological systems?

Facilitate chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a polymer of carbohydrates?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nucleotides?

Store genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of phospholipids?

They contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary functions of proteins in the body?

Repair tissues and facilitate chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of polymerization?

Joining monomers to form polymers Signup and view all the answers

What are the subatomic particles found in an atom and their charges?

Protons (+), neutrons (neutral), electrons (-) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main class of lipids?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scientific Method

Steps: Observe, question, hypothesize, experiment, analyze, conclude.

Basic Chemistry

Smallest unit of matter: Atom.
Smallest unit of life: Cell.
Atom components: Protons (+), neutrons (neutral), electrons (-).

Bonds

Covalent bonds: Sharing electrons.
Ionic bonds: Transferring electrons.

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates:
- Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
- Polymers: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
- Functions: Energy storage, structural support, produce and store energy, structural support to cells and tissue.
Proteins:
- Monomers: Amino acids.
- Polymers: Proteins.
- Functions: Breakdown food, growth and repair, help make up proteins by bonding numerous amino acids together.
Nucleic Acids:
- Monomers: Nucleotides.
- Polymers: DNA/RNA.
- Functions: Store genetic information.
Lipids:
- Classes: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids.
Phospholipids:
- Function: Cell membrane.
- Unique features: Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail.

Enzymes

Special proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

Cell Division Stages

Cell Cycle: Stages involve the orderly sequences of phases leading to cell division.
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center.
- Anaphase: Chromosomes separate.
- Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry, including the scientific method, types of bonds, and macromolecules. Understand the components and functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as the role of enzymes in biological processes.