Biology and Chemistry Overview

The smallest unit of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

The smallest unit of life, capable of carrying out basic life processes.

The process of joining monomers (smaller molecules) together to form polymers (larger molecules).

Monosaccharides (simple sugars) like glucose and fructose; polymers include starch (energy storage) and cellulose (structural support in plants).

Amino acids; proteins are long chains of amino acids with diverse functions like enzymes, structural components, and transport.

A special type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base); DNA (stores genetic information) and RNA (involved in protein synthesis).

Include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; phospholipids are a unique type with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail used in cell membranes.

The joining of two atoms through the sharing of electrons.

The transfer of electrons between two oppositely charged ions.

The process by which cells divide to create two identical daughter cells.

The process by which the nucleus of a cell divides, resulting in the formation of gametes or sex cells.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy, storing it in the bonds of glucose.

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.