Biology and Chemistry Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

An element with an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 1 will most likely:

Share one electron with another atom to form a covalent bond.

Gain one electron to achieve a stable outer shell, resulting in a valency of -1

Lose one electron to achieve a stable outer shell, resulting in a valency of 1 (correct)

Gain seven electrons to achieve a stable outer shell, resulting in a valency of -7

Which cell structure is responsible for protecting internal parts and is referred to as 'b' in the options?

Nuclear pore

Nucleolus

Nuclear membrane (correct)

Chromatin

What happens to a cell's ability to make proteins, store DNA, and control its activities if a nucleus is removed?

The cell can store DNA but cannot control activities or make proteins

The cell cannot store DNA, control its activities, or make proteins (correct)

The cell can make proteins, but cannot store DNA or control activities

The cell can still perform these functions normally

In double fertilization, what two fusions take place?

One male gamete with the egg and one male gamete with the polar nuclei Signup and view all the answers

A body travels 20 km in the first hour and then 40 km in the next hour. What is its average velocity?

30 km/hr Signup and view all the answers

Two motorcycles are traveling in the same direction. The first is traveling at 50 km/hr and the second at 60 km/hr. What is the given relative velocity?

10 km/hr Signup and view all the answers

Why is the classification of elements important?

It helps to organize elements based on their properties and aids in predicting their behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of acid rain?

Carbon dioxide released from respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a key difference between search engines and websites?

Search engines are tools to find information, while websites are collections of content. Signup and view all the answers

What are two applications of artificial intelligence?

Customer service and healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

What safety precautions should be observed in a laboratory?

Never taste or sniff chemicals and avoid skin/eye contact with them. Signup and view all the answers

A bus travels with a total displacement of 4.2 km in 7 minutes. What is its average velocity, in km/hr?

36 km/hr Signup and view all the answers

How does input work primarily differ from output work in the context of a machine?

Input work starts the work by applying force, while output work is completed by the machine. Signup and view all the answers

Why do both sodium and chlorine have a valency of 1?

Sodium loses one electron, and chlorine gains one electron, both attaining stability. Signup and view all the answers

How does temporary hardness of water differ from permanent hardness of water?

Temporary hardness is due to bicarbonates, while permanent hardness is due to chlorides and sulfates. Signup and view all the answers

What are two recommended preventative measures against a virus?

Avoid crowded areas and sharing personal items. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle demonstrated by the experiment described with a glass, postcard, and water?

Air exerts pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What two factors contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs?

Asteroid impact and volcanic activity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electronic Configuration and Valency

Element with electronic configuration 2, 8, 8, 1 has 1 electron in its outer shell.
To become stable, it loses this electron, achieving a full outer shell.
The element's valency is 1.
This element is potassium (K).

Cell Structure and Function

Nucleolus: Component within the nucleus.
Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Nuclear Pore: Allows passage of materials in and out of the nucleus.
Chromatin: Genetic material within the nucleus.
The nuclear membrane protects the cell's internal parts.
A nucleus is crucial for storing DNA, controlling cell activities, and protein synthesis.

Double Fertilization

In flowering plants, one male gamete forms a zygote with the egg.
The other male gamete joins with polar nuclei to form endosperm.
This process ensures development of both the embryo and its food source.

Average Velocity

Average velocity is calculated for bodies moving at different speeds or directions over time.
Formula: Average Velocity = Total Distance / Total Time.
Example:
- Motorcycle 1 velocity: 50 km/hr
- Motorcycle 2 velocity: 60 km/hr
- Relative velocity (Motorcycle 2 ahead of Motorcycle 1): 10 km/hr
- Relative velocity (Motorcycle 2 behind Motorcycle 1): 110 km/hr

Research and Microorganisms

Reliable sources should be used in research.
A microorganism is a tiny living organism visible only with a microscope.

Mirrors and Convection

Convex mirrors are used in street lamps because they reflect light better than concave mirrors.
Boiling water in a pot is an example of convection.

Atoms and Elements

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that participates in a chemical reaction.
Classifying elements is important because it organizes them based on their properties, helping to predict their behavior.

Acid Rain

Acid rain causes due to various toxic gases (e.g., sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide) released from industries.
Gases react with rainwater to form carbonic acid.

Alloys

An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a nonmetal.

Search Engines and Websites

Search engines are web-based tools for locating information on the World Wide Web.
- Examples include Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search.
Websites are collections of web pages, identified by a domain name and published on web servers.
- Examples include Google, Facebook, Amazon.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Two applications of AI are:
- Customer service
- Healthcare.

Laboratory Safety

Do not taste or smell chemicals
Avoid skin and eye contact with chemicals.

Average Velocity Example

Bus displacement: 4.2 km
Time taken: 7 minutes
Average velocity calculation: 36 km/hr

Input and Output Work

Input work is the force applied to move an object using a machine.
Output work is the work done by the machine on the object.

Valency

Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) have a valency of 1.
Sodium loses one electron, forming positive ion.
Chlorine gains one electron, forming negative ion, becoming stable.

Water Hardness

Temporary hardness of water is caused by dissolved bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling and treatment with slaked lime.
Permanent hardness of water is due to dissolved chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Permanent hardness is removed by sodium carbonate or permutit process.

Viruses and Diseases

Viruses are infectious agents.
Coronavirus is a viral disease.
Two preventive measures are:
- Avoid crowded areas.
- Do not share personal items.

Air Pressure

Experiment to verify air exerts pressure using a glass, water, and cardboard.

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs evolved and became extinct during the Mesozoic Era.
Possible reasons for extinction include asteroid impact and volcanic activity.
If dinosaurs were still around, the ecosystem would likely be drastically different due to their predatory nature.

Seed Germination

Seed absorbs water, softening outer coat.
Stored food provides energy for growth.
Root emerges first, followed by the shoot.
The shoot grows into stem and leaves.
Seed becomes a small plant.
Sufficient water, air, and temperature are necessary for germination.

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Description

Test your understanding of key concepts in biology and chemistry, including electronic configurations, cell structure, and reproduction in flowering plants. This quiz covers important principles such as valency, cell functions, and average velocity. Prepare to challenge your knowledge across multiple scientific disciplines!