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Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the state of matter at the critical point on a phase diagram? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following describes the state of matter at the critical point on a phase diagram? (Select all that apply)
- Liquid and gas coexist (correct)
- Solid and liquid coexist
- Solid and gas coexist
- Solid, liquid, and gas coexist
Which of the following is not a part of the respiratory system?
Which of the following is not a part of the respiratory system?
- Bronchioles
- Esophagus (correct)
- Trachea
- Alveoli
Which of the following crosses would always produce all tall, red-flowering plants?
Which of the following crosses would always produce all tall, red-flowering plants?
- RRTt x rrTT (correct)
- RrTt x RrTt
- RrTT x Rrtt
- Rrtt x RRtt
Which of the following does not happen during relaxation of a muscle?
Which of the following does not happen during relaxation of a muscle?
Which of the following macromolecules contains side linkages?
Which of the following macromolecules contains side linkages?
Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?
Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?
In which of the following regions of the kidney is only water reabsorbed?
In which of the following regions of the kidney is only water reabsorbed?
What measurement device should be used to measure 0.05L of water for preparing a 1M NaCl solution?
What measurement device should be used to measure 0.05L of water for preparing a 1M NaCl solution?
What is a component of the antigen-specific cellular immune response?
What is a component of the antigen-specific cellular immune response?
Which of the following is a spinal nerve?
Which of the following is a spinal nerve?
Which of the following correctly characterizes the mechanism by which the body responds to increased temperatures?
Which of the following correctly characterizes the mechanism by which the body responds to increased temperatures?
Which of the following statements is correct about the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following statements is correct about the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is most likely to increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
Which of the following is most likely to increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
What organ maintains fluid balance in the body?
What organ maintains fluid balance in the body?
Which of the following is the smallest unit of measurement?
Which of the following is the smallest unit of measurement?
An increase in what blood cell would be expected following prolonged exposure to a low oxygen atmosphere?
An increase in what blood cell would be expected following prolonged exposure to a low oxygen atmosphere?
What describes the difference, if any, between neurons of a healthy individual and neurons of a person with myasthenia gravis?
What describes the difference, if any, between neurons of a healthy individual and neurons of a person with myasthenia gravis?
What best describes how the drug pyridostigmine improves muscle function in people with myasthenia gravis?
What best describes how the drug pyridostigmine improves muscle function in people with myasthenia gravis?
What would be the least likely to occur in the muscle cells of an individual with myasthenia gravis?
What would be the least likely to occur in the muscle cells of an individual with myasthenia gravis?
Which of the following hormone actions describes a positive feedback loop?
Which of the following hormone actions describes a positive feedback loop?
What organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste?
What organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste?
Which is an example of zymogen?
Which is an example of zymogen?
What is the primary function of the epidermis?
What is the primary function of the epidermis?
A blockage in the blood vessels of the lungs would lead to an immediate increase in blood pressure in which of the following blood vessels?
A blockage in the blood vessels of the lungs would lead to an immediate increase in blood pressure in which of the following blood vessels?
Which of the following is not reabsorbed at the renal tubule of the nephron?
Which of the following is not reabsorbed at the renal tubule of the nephron?
Which of the following is an extensive property?
Which of the following is an extensive property?
Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase after an individual consumes a meal high in calcium?
Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase after an individual consumes a meal high in calcium?
To elevate blood glucose levels, the pancreas releases ___ when blood sugar levels are low, stimulating the breakdown of ____
To elevate blood glucose levels, the pancreas releases ___ when blood sugar levels are low, stimulating the breakdown of ____
Multiple sclerosis, a neuromuscular disorder that results in uncoordinated muscle movement, is caused by damage to what?
Multiple sclerosis, a neuromuscular disorder that results in uncoordinated muscle movement, is caused by damage to what?
Which of the following correctly describes the heat transfer mechanism by which the sudoriferous glands cool the body?
Which of the following correctly describes the heat transfer mechanism by which the sudoriferous glands cool the body?
The renal corpuscle is made up of?
The renal corpuscle is made up of?
The ___ carries ____ blood away from the heart, while the ____ carries _____ blood toward the heart.
The ___ carries ____ blood away from the heart, while the ____ carries _____ blood toward the heart.
Vista noticed that a plant he had placed on the sill of a south-facing window had grown much taller than a similar plant that was located on the sill of a north-facing window. Vista's observation could serve as a basis to:
Vista noticed that a plant he had placed on the sill of a south-facing window had grown much taller than a similar plant that was located on the sill of a north-facing window. Vista's observation could serve as a basis to:
Which of the following would not be expected to result in a weakened or absent immune response?
Which of the following would not be expected to result in a weakened or absent immune response?
What describes the role of a ligament? A tendon?
What describes the role of a ligament? A tendon?
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs through which of the following mechanisms?
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs through which of the following mechanisms?
Which of the following aids fat absorption by emulsifying lipid particles in the small intestine?
Which of the following aids fat absorption by emulsifying lipid particles in the small intestine?
Which of the following is not a hormone released by the anterior pituitary?
Which of the following is not a hormone released by the anterior pituitary?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?
Which of the following substances is NOT made up of macromolecules?
Which of the following substances is NOT made up of macromolecules?
Which of the following correctly describes the hormonal regulation of calcium in the blood?
Which of the following correctly describes the hormonal regulation of calcium in the blood?
Which of the following controls the rate of respiration?
Which of the following controls the rate of respiration?
Which is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Which is an example of an autoimmune disease?
If a bucket of ice is left out at room temperature and immediately begins to melt, what should a graph of the temperature and melted water over time look like?
If a bucket of ice is left out at room temperature and immediately begins to melt, what should a graph of the temperature and melted water over time look like?
Although the number can vary between individuals and decreases with age, young men produce roughly 160 million sperm in their testicles each day through the process of meiosis. How many original diploid cells are required, before meiosis, to create this many sperm?
Although the number can vary between individuals and decreases with age, young men produce roughly 160 million sperm in their testicles each day through the process of meiosis. How many original diploid cells are required, before meiosis, to create this many sperm?
How is it possible that 100°C steam can cause more severe burns than 100°C water?
How is it possible that 100°C steam can cause more severe burns than 100°C water?
Which of the following is a component of the innate immune system?
Which of the following is a component of the innate immune system?
Which of the following would correct the state of respiratory acidosis and bring blood pH back to normal?
Which of the following would correct the state of respiratory acidosis and bring blood pH back to normal?
What is cytokinesis?
What is cytokinesis?
The cytoplasmic organelle containing fluid filled tubules for carrying and transporting substances is known as the?
The cytoplasmic organelle containing fluid filled tubules for carrying and transporting substances is known as the?
The ultimate end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis is?
The ultimate end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis is?
Protein synthesis occurs in the ______ while glycolysis occurs in the ______.
Protein synthesis occurs in the ______ while glycolysis occurs in the ______.
Which correctly pairs a metabolic process with its site of occurrence?
Which correctly pairs a metabolic process with its site of occurrence?
Movement of substances in and out of the cell occurs through the cell membrane known as?
Movement of substances in and out of the cell occurs through the cell membrane known as?
The dominant mode of carbon dioxide transport in the body is through?
The dominant mode of carbon dioxide transport in the body is through?
The end products of anaerobic respiration in humans are?
The end products of anaerobic respiration in humans are?
______ stem cells are the type of stem cells that have the ability to develop into any cell found in the human body.
______ stem cells are the type of stem cells that have the ability to develop into any cell found in the human body.
________ is the enzyme that adds new nucleotide in the growing DNA chain.
________ is the enzyme that adds new nucleotide in the growing DNA chain.
The _____ is the maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation. It is also called maximum lung volume.
The _____ is the maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation. It is also called maximum lung volume.
What is the function of the pleurae?
What is the function of the pleurae?
The end-product of glycolysis is?
The end-product of glycolysis is?
_____ is the condition when the blood contains a high percentage of carbon dioxide and very low percentage of oxygen.
_____ is the condition when the blood contains a high percentage of carbon dioxide and very low percentage of oxygen.
_____ are biological cells that are undifferentiated and can differentiate into specialized cells.
_____ are biological cells that are undifferentiated and can differentiate into specialized cells.
What do you call a change in the body's structure over time?
What do you call a change in the body's structure over time?
____ _____ is the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs after maximum inhalation.
____ _____ is the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs after maximum inhalation.
What do you call an organism that is able to produce its own food?
What do you call an organism that is able to produce its own food?
_____¥ is the final product of the Calvin cycle.
_____¥ is the final product of the Calvin cycle.
_____ stem cells are those that give rise to all types of blood cells in the human body.
_____ stem cells are those that give rise to all types of blood cells in the human body.
The water soluble vitamin not produced in the large intestine is:
The water soluble vitamin not produced in the large intestine is:
Which metal cation is found at the center of heme?
Which metal cation is found at the center of heme?
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Study Notes
Critical Points on Matter and Biology
- At the critical point in a phase diagram, liquid and gas coexist.
- The esophagus is not a part of the respiratory system; the trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli are included.
- To ensure always producing tall red-flowering plants, a cross of RRTt x rrTT is essential.
Muscle Relaxation and Structure
- During muscle relaxation, actin and myosin filament elongation does not occur; rather, antagonistic muscles contract and calcium is removed from the cytoplasm.
Macromolecules and Connective Tissues
- Proteins contain side linkages and are a type of macromolecule.
- Blood qualifies as a type of connective tissue.
Kidney Function
- The descending loop of Henle of the kidney only reabsorbs water.
- Proteins are not reabsorbed at the renal tubule of the nephron.
Laboratory Techniques and Measurement
- A volumetric pipette should be used for measuring 0.05L of water when preparing solutions.
Immune Responses and Hormonal Regulation
- Plasma cells are responsible for the release of antibodies in the antigen-specific immune response.
- A positive feedback loop is characterized by oxytocin release leading to stronger uterine contractions.
Cardiovascular System and Chemical Reactions
- Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins, essential for their function.
- Decreasing activation energy is likely to increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
Body Regulation and Organ Functions
- Kidneys maintain fluid balance in the body, essential for homeostasis.
- The medulla oblongata controls the rate of respiration in humans.
Inheritance and Genetic Principles
- Multiple sclerosis results from damage to the myelin sheath, impacting muscle coordination.
- The maximum lung volume is referred to as total lung capacity.
Cell Biology and Metabolism
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, while protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes.
- The end products of anaerobic respiration in humans include lactic acid and carbon dioxide due to incomplete glucose breakdown.
Additional Important Concepts
- Steam at 100°C can cause more severe burns than 100°C water due to carrying more heat energy.
- Bicarbonate is the dominant method for carbon dioxide transport in the body.
- Stem cells, including totipotent and hematopoietic types, can differentiate into specialized cells, playing a crucial role in development.
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the final product of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.
Vitamins and Nutrients
- Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin that is not produced in the large intestine.
Heme and Iron
- Iron (II) is the central metal cation found in heme, essential for oxygen transport in blood.
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