Biology Active Transport in Plants and Animals

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of active transport in plants?

It facilitates nutrient diffusion from roots to leaves.

It allows plants to absorb water only.

It prevents excessive ion absorption.

It helps plants take in necessary ions from the soil. (correct)

How does glucose absorption occur in the intestines when glucose concentration is lower outside the cells?

Glucose flows passively into blood vessels.

Glucose is not absorbed in this situation.

Glucose diffusion takes place without energy.

Active transport is utilized, requiring energy. (correct)

Which process requires energy for the movement of substances?

Diffusion

Active transport (correct)

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

What is the main difference between diffusion and active transport?

Active transport moves substances with energy against their concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

Which substances typically move by diffusion?

Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and food substances Signup and view all the answers

What energy source is used for active transport in animals?

Chemical energy from ATP Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes osmosis from active transport?

Osmosis specifically refers to water movement across membranes. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is active transport NOT needed for glucose absorption?

When glucose concentration is higher in the intestine than in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the procedure for setting up the experiment with potato chips?

Label five test-tubes with one containing only water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of weighing the potato chips before and after immersion in sugar solutions?

To calculate the percentage weight change due to osmosis. Signup and view all the answers

After conducting the experiment, what is inferred if the potato chips gained weight in sucrose solutions?

Osmosis caused water to move into the potato cells. Signup and view all the answers

If potato chips are placed in a solution with lower concentration than their internal cellular environment, what would most likely happen?

Water will diffuse out of the potato cells. Signup and view all the answers

How is the percentage weight change calculated from the experiment?

By subtracting the final weight from the initial weight and multiplying by 100. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best explains osmosis in the context of the experiment?

It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What role does concentration gradient play in this experiment?

It drives the movement of water from regions of high concentration to low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from the graph plotting percentage weight change against sucrose concentration?

There is an optimum level of sucrose that maximizes weight gain. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the movement of glucose through the dialysis tube in the experiment?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Why is starch unable to pass through the dialysis tubing used in the experiment?

Starch molecules are too large to fit through the pores of the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of semi-permeable as illustrated in this experiment?

Permits small molecules while blocking larger ones. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does this experiment model the absorption in the small intestine?

It simulates the passive transport of nutrients into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is used to test for the presence of glucose in the water around the dialysis tube?

Benedict's solution Signup and view all the answers

What best distinguishes diffusion from osmosis in the context of this experiment?

Diffusion is the movement of solvents across a membrane, while osmosis focuses exclusively on water movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the main result expected after testing the water surrounding the dialysis tube for glucose?

Color change indicating glucose is present. Signup and view all the answers

What essential factor must be maintained in the experiment for diffusion to occur effectively?

A high concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Active Transport in Plants and Animals

Active transport allows plants to absorb necessary ions from the soil against concentration gradients.
In animals, glucose is absorbed through the gut wall into the bloodstream, even when glucose concentration is lower in the intestine compared to intestinal cells.
Active transport of glucose requires energy from respiration, particularly after low glucose conditions.

Comparison of Transport Mechanisms

Diffusion: Movement of particles from high to low concentration without energy.
- Substances involved: carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, nutrients.
Osmosis: A specialized form of diffusion for water across a selectively permeable membrane, no energy required.
Active Transport: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requires energy.

Experiment: Diffusion of Starch and Glucose

Aim: Observe diffusion of starch and glucose through a semi-permeable membrane.
Equipment used: dialysis tube, beaker of warm water, glucose/starch solution, iodine solution for starch, Benedict’s solution for glucose test.
Method involves filling a dialysis tube with a solution, immersing it in warm water, and testing for glucose and starch after a set time.

Experiment Results and Analysis

Glucose test can demonstrate if glucose diffused through the dialysis tube by changing color with Benedict’s solution.
Starch, being a larger molecule, cannot pass through the dialysis tubing, illustrating semi-permeability.
Semi-permeable membranes allow certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Understanding of Osmosis through Additional Experiment

Potato chips placed in sugar solutions of varying molarity analyze osmosis effects.
Changes in weight of potato chips are recorded to assess water movement through osmosis.
Percentage weight change calculated gives insights into water concentration inside potato cells.

Conclusion

Observing diffusion and osmosis through experiments helps understand nutrient absorption in organisms.
Semi-permeable membranes play a crucial role in regulating which substances enter or leave cells.

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Description

This quiz covers the process of active transport in both plants and animals. It highlights how plants absorb ions from the soil and how animals move glucose across the gut wall into the bloodstream. Test your understanding of these essential biological mechanisms.