Questions and Answers
What method is used for naming organisms by using two names?
What is a species?
A group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed producing fertile offspring.
What are taxa?
Categories used to classify organisms.
What is the significance of the kingdom Protista?
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What does the kingdom Monera include?
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What defines archaebacteria?
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What are eubacteria?
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What is phylogeny?
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What is a dichotomous key?
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What are viruses?
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What is a capsid?
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What are bacteriophages?
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What is host range?
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What does lysis refer to?
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What is lysogeny?
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What are vaccines?
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What are obligate aerobes?
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What are obligate anaerobes?
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What are facultative anaerobes?
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What are endospores?
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What are cysts?
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What is ectoplasm?
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What is endoplasm?
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What are spores?
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What is taxonomy?
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What are the 7 categories of classification?
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What are the 6 kingdoms?
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What term describes plants whose organelles have membranes?
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What is the last word of a scientific name?
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What is the classification level between class and family?
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What organisms are classified under the phylum Arthropoda?
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What is the broadest group of classification?
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To which kingdom do protozoans belong?
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What is the first term in a scientific name?
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What does it mean to make your own food?
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What term refers to molds, mushrooms, and mildews?
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What does it mean to be unable to make your own food?
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What type of cells have organelles that don't have membranes?
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What do related genera group together form?
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How has technology affected classification?
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Who developed the current system of binomial nomenclature?
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How did Linnaeus classify organisms?
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Why is phylogeny the foundation of taxonomy?
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What is the relationship between a family and an order?
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Because the Amoeba belong to the Protists kingdom, they must be?
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Study Notes
Classification and Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature: Naming method using two names, the genus and species.
- Species: A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
- Taxa/Taxon: Categories employed in the classification of organisms.
- Taxonomy: The science concerned with classifying living organisms.
Biological Kingdoms
- Protista: A kingdom comprising both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
- Monera: Includes organisms that lack a true nucleus, primarily prokaryotes.
- Archaebacteria: A group of prokaryotes characterized by a cell wall without peptidoglycan.
- Eubacteria: Prokaryotic microorganisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls, reproduce by binary fission.
Viral and Bacterial Characteristics
- Viruses: Microscopic entities that require living cells to reproduce.
- Capsid: The protective protein shell surrounding a virus.
- Bacteriophages: Specific viruses that target and lyse bacterial cells.
- Lysis: The process in which a virus destroys a host cell.
Cellular States and Structures
- Endospores: Dormant bacteria with genetic material encased in a robust cell wall, formed in adverse conditions.
- Cysts: Cells encased in a hard protective layer on the cell membrane.
- Ectoplasm: The outer gel-like layer of the cytoplasm beneath the membrane.
- Endoplasm: The fluid component of cytoplasm essential for cell shape and movement in amoebas.
Reproduction and Survival Strategies
- Spores: Reproductive units that do not require fertilization, characterized by a haploid chromosome number.
- Obligate Aerobes: Bacteria that necessitate oxygen for respiration.
- Obligate Anaerobes: Bacteria that do not utilize oxygen for respiration.
- Facultative Anaerobes: Bacteria that can respire without oxygen but prefer its presence.
Evolution and Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Phylogeny: Historical study of evolutionary development among species or groups.
- 7 Taxonomic Categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
- 6 Biological Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi.
Scientific Naming and Classification Levels
- Genus: The first term in a scientific name.
- Species: The last term in a scientific name, signifying the specific organism.
- Order: The classification rank located between class and family.
- Family: A grouping of related genera.
Historical Context and Technological Advances
- Carl von Linnaeus: Developer of the modern binomial nomenclature system, focusing on physical characteristics for classification.
- Technology's Impact: Advances in DNA analysis enable finer classification and understanding of organisms at a microscopic level.
Additional Characteristics
- Eukaryotic: Organisms, including plants, whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
- Heterotrophic: Organisms incapable of producing their own food.
- Autotrophic: Organisms that synthesize their own food.
Miscellaneous
- Relation of Family and Order: A family is categorically smaller than an order.
- Amoeba Characteristics: Being part of the Protists kingdom, amoebas are both eukaryotic and heterotrophic.
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Test your understanding of key biological terms with these flashcards designed for Biology 11. Each card covers essential concepts like binomial nomenclature, species classification, and the taxonomy of living organisms. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge and preparing for exams.