Biology 11 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What method is used for naming organisms by using two names?

Monomial Nomenclature

Trinomial Nomenclature

Ternary Nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature (correct)

What is a species?

A group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed producing fertile offspring.

What are taxa?

Categories used to classify organisms.

What is the significance of the kingdom Protista?

It contains both unicelled and multicelled organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What does the kingdom Monera include?

Organisms without a true nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What defines archaebacteria?

Group of prokaryotes with cell wall, without peptidoglycan. Signup and view all the answers

What are eubacteria?

Prokaryotic microorganisms that have peptidoglycan cell wall, use binary fission. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylogeny?

The history of evolution of a species or a group of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dichotomous key?

A two-part key used to identify living things. Signup and view all the answers

What are viruses?

Microscopic particles capable of reproducing only in living cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a capsid?

The protective protein coat of viruses. Signup and view all the answers

What are bacteriophages?

Category of viruses that infect and destroy bacterial cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is host range?

The limited number of host species, tissues, or cells that a virus/parasite can infect. Signup and view all the answers

What does lysis refer to?

The destruction of a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is lysogeny?

The dormant state of a virus. Signup and view all the answers

What are vaccines?

Solutions that are prepared from viral components or inactivated viruses. Signup and view all the answers

What are obligate aerobes?

Bacteria that require oxygen for respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What are obligate anaerobes?

Bacteria that don't require oxygen for respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What are facultative anaerobes?

Bacteria that don't require oxygen for respiration but prefer it. Signup and view all the answers

What are endospores?

Dormant bacteria cells that contain genetic material in a thick cell wall and develop in bad conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are cysts?

Cells with a hard protective covering on the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is ectoplasm?

The thin, gel layer of the cytoplasm under the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is endoplasm?

Fluid part of cytoplasm that fills the inside of the cell, responsible for amoebas shape as it moves. Signup and view all the answers

What are spores?

Reproductive cells that don't need fertilization and have haploid number of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is taxonomy?

The science of classifying organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 7 categories of classification?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes plants whose organelles have membranes?

Eukaryotic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the last word of a scientific name?

Species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification level between class and family?

Order. Signup and view all the answers

What organisms are classified under the phylum Arthropoda?

Insecta. Signup and view all the answers

What is the broadest group of classification?

Kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

To which kingdom do protozoans belong?

Protista. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first term in a scientific name?

Genus. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to make your own food?

Autotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to molds, mushrooms, and mildews?

Fungi. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to be unable to make your own food?

Heterotrophic. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have organelles that don't have membranes?

Prokaryotic. Signup and view all the answers

What do related genera group together form?

Family. Signup and view all the answers

How has technology affected classification?

We can now use DNA in classifications and see microscopic details. Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the current system of binomial nomenclature?

Carl von Linnaeus. Signup and view all the answers

How did Linnaeus classify organisms?

By physical observations/structure of organism. Signup and view all the answers

Why is phylogeny the foundation of taxonomy?

It shows the evolutionary tree. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a family and an order?

A family is smaller than an order. Signup and view all the answers

Because the Amoeba belong to the Protists kingdom, they must be?

Heterotrophic and eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification and Nomenclature

Binomial Nomenclature: Naming method using two names, the genus and species.
Species: A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Taxa/Taxon: Categories employed in the classification of organisms.
Taxonomy: The science concerned with classifying living organisms.

Biological Kingdoms

Protista: A kingdom comprising both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Monera: Includes organisms that lack a true nucleus, primarily prokaryotes.
Archaebacteria: A group of prokaryotes characterized by a cell wall without peptidoglycan.
Eubacteria: Prokaryotic microorganisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls, reproduce by binary fission.

Viral and Bacterial Characteristics

Viruses: Microscopic entities that require living cells to reproduce.
Capsid: The protective protein shell surrounding a virus.
Bacteriophages: Specific viruses that target and lyse bacterial cells.
Lysis: The process in which a virus destroys a host cell.

Cellular States and Structures

Endospores: Dormant bacteria with genetic material encased in a robust cell wall, formed in adverse conditions.
Cysts: Cells encased in a hard protective layer on the cell membrane.
Ectoplasm: The outer gel-like layer of the cytoplasm beneath the membrane.
Endoplasm: The fluid component of cytoplasm essential for cell shape and movement in amoebas.

Reproduction and Survival Strategies

Spores: Reproductive units that do not require fertilization, characterized by a haploid chromosome number.
Obligate Aerobes: Bacteria that necessitate oxygen for respiration.
Obligate Anaerobes: Bacteria that do not utilize oxygen for respiration.
Facultative Anaerobes: Bacteria that can respire without oxygen but prefer its presence.

Evolution and Taxonomic Hierarchy

Phylogeny: Historical study of evolutionary development among species or groups.
7 Taxonomic Categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
6 Biological Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi.

Scientific Naming and Classification Levels

Genus: The first term in a scientific name.
Species: The last term in a scientific name, signifying the specific organism.
Order: The classification rank located between class and family.
Family: A grouping of related genera.

Historical Context and Technological Advances

Carl von Linnaeus: Developer of the modern binomial nomenclature system, focusing on physical characteristics for classification.
Technology's Impact: Advances in DNA analysis enable finer classification and understanding of organisms at a microscopic level.

Additional Characteristics

Eukaryotic: Organisms, including plants, whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
Heterotrophic: Organisms incapable of producing their own food.
Autotrophic: Organisms that synthesize their own food.

Miscellaneous

Relation of Family and Order: A family is categorically smaller than an order.
Amoeba Characteristics: Being part of the Protists kingdom, amoebas are both eukaryotic and heterotrophic.

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Description

Test your understanding of key biological terms with these flashcards designed for Biology 11. Each card covers essential concepts like binomial nomenclature, species classification, and the taxonomy of living organisms. Perfect for reinforcing your knowledge and preparing for exams.