Biology 101 Mini Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the base pairing rule that applies to double-stranded DNA?

Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always bonds to cytosine.

What is the purpose of the hydrogen bonds in double-stranded DNA?

They hold the two strands of DNA together, but are weak enough to come apart during replication.

What is the functional role of nucleotides?

Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

What is the difference between the template strand and coding strand of DNA?

The template strand stores the information, while the coding strand is the newly synthesized strand. Signup and view all the answers

What sugar is present in DNA?

Deoxyribose. Signup and view all the answers

What sugar is present in RNA?

Ribose. Signup and view all the answers

What are the bases present in DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (ATGC). Signup and view all the answers

What are the bases present in RNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine (AUCG). Signup and view all the answers

How many strands does DNA have?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How many strands does RNA have?

<ol> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative length of DNA?

Long. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative length of RNA?

Short. Signup and view all the answers

What does the sequence ATCG stand for?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine. Signup and view all the answers

What does the sequence AUCG stand for?

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine. Signup and view all the answers

What is transformation in terms of bacteria?

The process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacteriophage?

A virus that infects bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What chemical factor did Griffith conclude could change harmless bacteria into disease-causing bacteria?

DNA was the transforming factor. Signup and view all the answers

What was the genetic material from a bacteriophage?

DNA, not protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic material in genes?

DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three jobs of DNA?

Storing, copying, and transmitting genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the general role of the nucleus?

It contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA packaged inside the nucleus?

The DNA is wrapped around ball-shaped histone proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleolus do?

Makes ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What are nuclear pores?

Involved in the active transport of substances into and out of the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

Double helix. Signup and view all the answers

What is RNA?

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Base Pairing and Structure of DNA

Base pairing rule: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), while Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
Hydrogen bonds connect DNA strands, providing stability yet allowing strands to separate during replication.
DNA consists of nucleotides, the basic structural units linked by phosphate groups.

DNA and RNA Composition

DNA sugar: Deoxyribose.
RNA sugar: Ribose.
DNA bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (ATGC).
RNA bases: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine (AUCG).

Structural Characteristics

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
DNA tends to be long, in contrast to RNA, which is shorter.

Genetic Material and Transformation

The genetic material in bacteria and genes is DNA.
Griffith's experiment determined DNA as the transforming factor in bacteria.
Bacteriophages inject DNA into bacteria, not protein, making DNA the genetic material.

Role of DNA in Cells

DNA serves three primary functions: storing, copying, and transmitting genetic information.
The nucleus, a eukaryotic organelle, houses the cell's majority of genetic material organized as chromosomes.

Packaging and Function within the Nucleus

DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, forming a compact chromatin structure within the nucleus.
Nucleolus is responsible for ribosome synthesis.
Nuclear pores facilitate active transport of substances into and out of the nucleus.
The nuclear membrane regulates the entry and exit of materials.

Structural Components

Chromosomes: Threadlike DNA structures containing genes.
Chromatin: Composed of clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Proteins are essential for building and maintaining cells and tissues.
DNA is structured as a double helix, whereas RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of DNA structure and function with this Biology 101 mini quiz. Explore concepts like base pairing rules and the role of hydrogen bonds in double-stranded DNA. Perfect for introductory biology students.