Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of pili in bacteria?
What is the primary function of pili in bacteria?
- To aid in the transfer of genetic material (correct)
- To facilitate the movement of bacteria
- To protect the cell from environmental threats
- To provide structural support for the cell
Which of the following components is NOT a characteristic feature of bacteria?
Which of the following components is NOT a characteristic feature of bacteria?
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Cell Wall
- Nucleoid
What is the primary function of the flagella in bacteria?
What is the primary function of the flagella in bacteria?
- To produce energy for the cell
- To attach to surfaces
- To facilitate movement (correct)
- To synthesize proteins
What type of molecule is the bacterial chromosome composed of?
What type of molecule is the bacterial chromosome composed of?
Which of these structures is NOT typically found in bacteria?
Which of these structures is NOT typically found in bacteria?
How do bacteria reproduce?
How do bacteria reproduce?
What is the primary energy source for the rotation of bacterial flagella?
What is the primary energy source for the rotation of bacterial flagella?
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
What is the estimated number of species alive today?
What is the estimated number of species alive today?
According to phylogeny, which of the following is NOT a domain of life?
According to phylogeny, which of the following is NOT a domain of life?
Which domain of life is more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria?
Which domain of life is more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria?
Which of these is NOT considered a characteristic of all cells?
Which of these is NOT considered a characteristic of all cells?
What is the typical size range of bacteria?
What is the typical size range of bacteria?
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the term used to describe the evolutionary history of a group of organisms?
What is the term used to describe the evolutionary history of a group of organisms?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the three domains of life?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the three domains of life?
How is the flow of H+ ions similar between mitochondria and bacterial flagella?
How is the flow of H+ ions similar between mitochondria and bacterial flagella?
What is the main structural difference between the flagella of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?
What is the main structural difference between the flagella of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?
Which of these is NOT a function of prokaryotic protein fibers?
Which of these is NOT a function of prokaryotic protein fibers?
What type of molecule is found in the bacterial cell wall?
What type of molecule is found in the bacterial cell wall?
How does penicillin affect bacteria?
How does penicillin affect bacteria?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Which type of evolution does the bacterial flagella represent?
Which type of evolution does the bacterial flagella represent?
What is the purpose of a capsule in bacteria?
What is the purpose of a capsule in bacteria?
What is the primary process through which bacteria reproduce?
What is the primary process through which bacteria reproduce?
What type of chromosome do bacteria possess?
What type of chromosome do bacteria possess?
Which structure is primarily involved in the inward growth of the plasma membrane during bacterial division?
Which structure is primarily involved in the inward growth of the plasma membrane during bacterial division?
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria at a molecular level?
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria at a molecular level?
Which type of archaea is specifically adapted to thrive in high temperature environments?
Which type of archaea is specifically adapted to thrive in high temperature environments?
What is the primary characteristic of extremophiles among archaea?
What is the primary characteristic of extremophiles among archaea?
Which nutritional mode involves the use of both light and organic molecules for energy?
Which nutritional mode involves the use of both light and organic molecules for energy?
What is a common feature of many prokaryotes that aids in energy conversion?
What is a common feature of many prokaryotes that aids in energy conversion?
Flashcards
Nucleoid
Nucleoid
Region in prokaryotic cells containing a single circular chromosome.
Plasmid
Plasmid
Small circular DNA molecules within bacteria that carry a few genes.
Flagella
Flagella
Whiplike structures that propel prokaryotic cells in liquid.
Binary fission
Binary fission
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Fimbriae
Fimbriae
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Cytosol
Cytosol
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Domains of Life
Domains of Life
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Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
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Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Bacteria Characteristics
Bacteria Characteristics
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Archaea
Archaea
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Cell Characteristics
Cell Characteristics
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Evolution and Diversity
Evolution and Diversity
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Phylogeny
Phylogeny
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H+ Flow in ATP Production
H+ Flow in ATP Production
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Flagella Types
Flagella Types
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Prokaryotic Flagellum
Prokaryotic Flagellum
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Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan
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Capsule in Prokaryotes
Capsule in Prokaryotes
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Gram-positive Bacteria
Gram-positive Bacteria
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Gram-negative Bacteria
Gram-negative Bacteria
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Cytoskeleton in Prokaryotes
Cytoskeleton in Prokaryotes
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Extremophiles
Extremophiles
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Binary fission stages
Binary fission stages
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Cell wall composition in Archaea
Cell wall composition in Archaea
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Nutritional modes in Prokaryotes
Nutritional modes in Prokaryotes
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Photosynthetic membranes
Photosynthetic membranes
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Ribosomal structures in Archaea
Ribosomal structures in Archaea
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Morphological diversity of Archaea
Morphological diversity of Archaea
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Study Notes
Biology 1 - Cells, Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biol 1000)
- Course offered by Dr. Michael Cardinal-Aucoin in Winter 2025 at York University
- Course code: Biol 1000
Enzyme Activity and pH
- An enzyme, composed of a single peptide, functions in the stomach but loses function in the small intestine.
- Possible cause: A change in pH alters the enzyme's structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary).
Cells Part I: Bacteria and Archaea (Chapter 7)
- Domains of Life: Broad categories of living organisms.
- Bacteria: Single-celled organisms lacking membrane-bound organelles, have a single circular chromosome, often have a small circular DNA molecule (plasmid), and can have flagella and/or cilia.
- Archaea: Prokaryotic organisms showing similarities to both bacteria and Eukaryotes, mostly distinguished at the molecular level.
Additional Topics
- Bacterial locations in the human body: Mouth, gut, reproductive tract, and skin.
- The human microbiome: Many prokaryotes, fungi, and protists exist in human bodies.
- Bacteria and Archaea contain protein fibers that form the cytoskeleton. This impacts cell shape and assists in cell division (e.g. MreB, FtsZ).
- Bacteria divide through binary fission.
- Prokaryote structure involves a bacterial cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. This is a distinguishing feature
- The bacterial cell wall also has capsule layers (polysaccharide or protein).
- Classification of bacteria (Gram positive/Gram Negative): The structure of the bacterial cell wall determines how cells react to Gram staining and further divides classification. Penicillin is effective on gram positive bacteria.
- The structure and mechanism of flagella differ for prokaryotes across domains, however, all function similarly as whiplike appendages to move the prokaryotic cell.
- Prokaryotes can have complex biochemistries and diverse forms of nutrition, such as photoautotrophy and chemoautotrophy.
- Some prokaryotes have internal photosynthetic membranes that convert light energy to chemical energy
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