Biology 1 - Enzyme Activity & Bacteria

Region in prokaryotic cells containing a single circular chromosome.

Small circular DNA molecules within bacteria that carry a few genes.

Whiplike structures that propel prokaryotic cells in liquid.

A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where they divide in half.

Threadlike structures on bacteria for attachment and plasmid transfer.

Liquid portion of the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.

Molecular machines in all cells that synthesize proteins.

The three major categories of life forms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus, categorized into Bacteria and Archaea.

Organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Bacteria are small cells (0.5–5 µm) and are one of the two types of prokaryotes.

A group of prokaryotes distinct from bacteria, often living in extreme environments.

All cells contain DNA, have membranes, ribosomes, use energy, grow, reproduce, and respond to stimuli.

Evolution leads to the vast diversity of life, with millions of species cataloged.

The evolutionary history and relationships among groups of organisms.

H+ ions flow drive the rotor in ATP synthesis, similar in mitochondria.

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya have different flagellar structures but similar functions.

The rotational motion in prokaryotic flagella helps with movement.

A polymer made of sugars and amino acids forming bacterial cell walls.

A polysaccharide layer covering some prokaryotes, aiding classification.

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer; sensitive to penicillin.

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer, often antibiotic resistant.

Protein fibers in bacteria and archaea maintaining shape and aiding division.

Organisms that thrive in extreme environments, such as high salinity or extreme temperatures.

The process by which bacterial cells replicate: chromosome replication, migration, membrane growth, and cell wall formation.

Most archaea have cell walls made of polysaccharides and proteins, lacking peptidoglycan.

Prokaryotes can utilize organic molecules or CO2 as carbon and energy sources through various metabolic pathways.

Internal membranes in some prokaryotes that convert sunlight to chemical energy.

Though archaea are prokaryotes, they have ribosomes that resemble those in eukaryotes.

Archaea exhibit a variety of shapes and sizes, similar to bacteria but distinct at the molecular level.