36 Questions
Who is famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis, the Tuberculosis bacillus, and the Vibrio cholera?
Heinrich Herman Robert Koch
Who developed Koch's postulates to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease?
Heinrich Herman Robert Koch
Which scientist discovered that most infectious diseases result from germs, known as the 'germ theory of disease'?
Louis Pasteur
What did Ferdinand Julius Cohn classify and define that distinguishes algae and plants from green plants?
Bacteria into four groups
Which scientist was known for convincing surgeons that germs existed and spread diseases through dirty instruments and hands?
Louis Pasteur
Which scientist's work eventually led to the development of pure culture techniques, stains, agar, culture media, and petri dishes?
Heinrich Herman Robert Koch
What year did Ignaz Semmelweiss start forcing doctors to wash their hands before touching patients?
1847
Who confirmed/modified the staining technique in 1882-3, now known as the Ziehl-Neelson stain?
Heinrich Herman Robert Koch
Which scientist isolated the colon bacillus (E.coli) in 1886?
Ferdinand Julius Cohn
In bacterial classification, organisms can be grouped based on their differences in which of the following components?
All of the above
Why is the identification of bacteria in the laboratory particularly relevant in medicine?
To help determine the correct treatment for infections
What was a major impetus for the development of techniques to identify bacteria?
To identify human pathogens for proper medical treatment
Who is considered the father of the microscope?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Which scientist successfully introduced carbolic acid for sterilization in surgery?
Joseph Lister
Who improved upon the microscope and published detailed observations of biological materials?
Robert Hooke
Which scientist constructed the first electron microscope?
Ernst Ruska
Who promoted the idea of sterile surgery and introduced carbolic acid for cleaning wounds?
Joseph Lister
Which scientist is associated with developing the concept of antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
Who is credited with improving upon the microscope and publishing detailed observations of biological materials?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is associated with introducing carbolic acid for sterilizing surgical instruments and cleaning wounds?
Joseph Lister
Which scientist is known for convincing surgeons that germs could spread diseases through dirty instruments and hands?
Joseph Lister
Who developed the staining technique in 1882-83, now known as the Ziehl-Neelson stain?
Ferdinand Julius Cohn
Which scientist constructed the first electron microscope?
Ernst Ruska
Who is credited with making and using a real microscope for the first time?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is credited with the classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Which scientist is famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis, Tuberculosis bacillus, and Vibrio cholera?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is associated with the development of Koch's postulates to establish the cause of a disease?
Ferdinand Julius Cohn
Who introduced carbolic acid for cleaning wounds?
Ferdinand Julius Cohn
Which scientist is known for discovering that most infectious diseases are caused by germs?
Robert Hooke
Who is considered the father of antiseptic surgery?
Joseph Lister
Who developed the pasteurization process to prevent the spread of disease?
Joseph Lister
Who was known for isolating Bacillus anthracis, the Tuberculosis bacillus, and the Vibrio cholera?
Joseph Lister
Which scientist was instrumental in convincing surgeons that germs spread diseases?
Joseph Lister
Which scientist's work eventually led to the development of pure culture techniques, stains, agar, culture media, and petri dishes?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Who improved upon the microscope and published detailed observations of biological materials?
Ernst Ruska
Who constructed the first electron microscope?
Ernst Ruska
Study Notes
Biologists and Their Contributions
- Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1828-1898): classified algae and plants, and defined what distinguishes them from green plants. Classified bacteria into four groups based on shape (spherical, short rods, threads, and spirals).
- Heinrich Herman Robert Koch (1843-1910): isolated Bacillus anthracis (1877), Tuberculosis bacillus (1882), and Vibrio cholera (1883). Developed Koch's postulates to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease.
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): discovered that most infectious diseases result from germs, known as the "germ theory of disease" (1857). Developed pasteurization process to kill germs and prevent disease spread.
- Ignaz Semmelweiss (1818-1865): forced doctors to wash hands before touching patients to prevent childbed fever.
- Joseph Lister (1827-1912): introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds, reducing post-operative infections.
Microscopy and Bacteriology
- Aristotle (384-322): applied lens applications.
- Hans and Zacharias Janssen (1590): built the first compound microscope.
- Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): made and used a real microscope, earning him the title "father of the microscope".
- Robert Hooke (1660): improved microscopy and published drawings of biological materials.
- Ernst Ruska (1931): constructed the first electron microscope.
Classification and Identification
- Bacterial classification: describes diversity of bacterial species by naming and grouping organisms based on similarities.
- Bacteria can be classified on the basis of:
- Cell structure
- Cellular metabolism
- Differences in cell components (DNA, fatty acids, pigments, antigens, and quinones)
- Identification of bacteria in the laboratory is crucial in medicine, where correct treatment is determined by the bacterial species causing an infection.
Timeline of Discoveries
- 1847: Ignaz Semmelweiss forced doctors to wash hands before touching patients.
- 1877: Robert Koch isolated Bacillus anthracis.
- 1882: Robert Koch isolated Tuberculosis bacillus.
- 1883: Robert Koch isolated Vibrio cholera.
- 1882-3: Ziehl confirmed/modified staining technique (Ziehl-Neelson stain).
- 1884: Gram described staining to aid in distinguishing bacterial groups.
- 1886: Escherich isolated the colon bacillus (E. coli).
- 1898: Shiga isolated the variety of dysentery bacillus (Shigella).
- 1931: Ernst Ruska constructed the first electron microscope.
Learn about the contributions of German biologists Ferdinand Julius Cohn and Robert Koch, including Cohn's classification of algae and plants, and Koch's isolation of important bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis and Tuberculosis bacillus.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
