Biological Treatment and Waste Recycling: Microbial Groups and Significance of Bacteria
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a significant role played by bacteria in the food industry?

  • Conversion of milk sugar to lactic acid (correct)
  • Production of vitamins B12 and amino acids
  • Causing diseases like typhoid and tuberculosis
  • Contributing to mineral cycles in the soil

What is the mode of nutrition exhibited by bacteria?

  • Heterotrophic and autotrophic
  • Saprophytic and autotrophic
  • Parasitic and symbiotic
  • Autotrophic and heterotrophic (correct)

What is the most distinguishing feature of bacteria at the cellular level?

  • Great variation in mode of nutrition
  • Unicellularity and prokaryotic nature (correct)
  • Involvement in mineral cycles in the soil
  • Presence of a thick rigid cell wall

Which microbial group is commonly used in the manufacture of certain vitamins like B12 and amino acids?

<p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do bacteria play in mineral cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles?

<p>Essential role in mineral cycles in the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for studying bacteria, according to the given text?

<p>Bacteria cause disease and produce important antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about photosynthetic bacteria?

<p>They have 70S ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of vegetative reproduction generally observed in filamentous bacteria (actinomycetes)?

<p>Budding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

<p>They are photosynthetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of nutrition for fungi?

<p>Absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a beneficial effect of fungi?

<p>Decomposition of decayed organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a harmful effect of fungi?

<p>Production of citric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor governing the activity of algae?

<p>Light intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction observed in algae?

<p>Sexual reproduction by fusion of gametes from different individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction is absent in bacteria but may occur through processes such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation?

<p>Sexual reproduction by meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of growth observed in fungi?

<p>Hyphal tip elongation (in true fungi) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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