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Biological Treatment and Waste Recycling: Microbial Groups and Significance of Bacteria

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Biological Treatment and Waste Recycling: Microbial Groups and Significance of Bacteria

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a significant role played by bacteria in the food industry?

Conversion of milk sugar to lactic acid (correct)

Production of vitamins B12 and amino acids

Causing diseases like typhoid and tuberculosis

Contributing to mineral cycles in the soil

What is the mode of nutrition exhibited by bacteria?

Heterotrophic and autotrophic

Saprophytic and autotrophic

Parasitic and symbiotic

Autotrophic and heterotrophic (correct)

What is the most distinguishing feature of bacteria at the cellular level?

Great variation in mode of nutrition

Unicellularity and prokaryotic nature (correct)

Involvement in mineral cycles in the soil

Presence of a thick rigid cell wall

Which microbial group is commonly used in the manufacture of certain vitamins like B12 and amino acids?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What role do bacteria play in mineral cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles?

Essential role in mineral cycles in the soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for studying bacteria, according to the given text?

Bacteria cause disease and produce important antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about photosynthetic bacteria?

They have 70S ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of vegetative reproduction generally observed in filamentous bacteria (actinomycetes)?

Budding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

They are photosynthetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of nutrition for fungi?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a beneficial effect of fungi?

Decomposition of decayed organic matter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a harmful effect of fungi?

Production of citric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor governing the activity of algae?

Light intensity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of reproduction observed in algae?

Sexual reproduction by fusion of gametes from different individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reproduction is absent in bacteria but may occur through processes such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation?

Sexual reproduction by meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of growth observed in fungi?

Hyphal tip elongation (in true fungi) Signup and view all the answers