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Questions and Answers
What is a primary reason for the importance of biological transport in the body?
What is a primary reason for the importance of biological transport in the body?
- It directly supports neural transmission
- It supplies tissues with oxygen and nutrients (correct)
- It enhances cellular metabolism
- It aids in the synthesis of hormones
Which of the following best describes passive transport?
Which of the following best describes passive transport?
- It involves transport from a higher to a lower concentration (correct)
- It primarily facilitates the uptake of large molecules
- It is responsible for transporting ions against their gradient
- It requires energy for substance movement
Which transport mechanism takes place between the capillary membrane and tissue fluid?
Which transport mechanism takes place between the capillary membrane and tissue fluid?
- Transcytosis
- Passive transport (correct)
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active transport
Which statement correctly differentiates passive transport from active transport?
Which statement correctly differentiates passive transport from active transport?
What types of transport occur primarily within tissues and organs?
What types of transport occur primarily within tissues and organs?
Which of the following processes is most efficient for removing waste products from tissues?
Which of the following processes is most efficient for removing waste products from tissues?
Which is a key characteristic of capillary membranes in the context of transport?
Which is a key characteristic of capillary membranes in the context of transport?
What distinguishes passive transport in biological systems from other forms of transport?
What distinguishes passive transport in biological systems from other forms of transport?
What role does the partition coefficient play in the permeability of a substance?
What role does the partition coefficient play in the permeability of a substance?
Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of diffusion as defined by the equation J = P A (CA-CB)?
Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of diffusion as defined by the equation J = P A (CA-CB)?
Which of the following substances is likely to have the lowest diffusion coefficient?
Which of the following substances is likely to have the lowest diffusion coefficient?
What is the primary driving force for filtration in passive transport processes?
What is the primary driving force for filtration in passive transport processes?
How is solvent drag defined in the context of passive transport?
How is solvent drag defined in the context of passive transport?
Which of the following statements about passive transport is true?
Which of the following statements about passive transport is true?
Which process is specifically characterized by the movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy?
Which process is specifically characterized by the movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy?
What is the main driving force behind simple diffusion?
What is the main driving force behind simple diffusion?
Which of the following types of substances typically pass through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
Which of the following types of substances typically pass through the cell membrane via simple diffusion?
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates osmosis?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates osmosis?
Which of the following statements about filtration (bulk flow) is accurate?
Which of the following statements about filtration (bulk flow) is accurate?
What distinguishes simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?
What distinguishes simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?
Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport mechanisms?
Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport mechanisms?
Which of the following substances is least likely to pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
Which of the following substances is least likely to pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
Which characteristic of facilitated diffusion refers to the limited number of binding sites for a solute?
Which characteristic of facilitated diffusion refers to the limited number of binding sites for a solute?
Which statement about stereo specificity in facilitated diffusion is correct?
Which statement about stereo specificity in facilitated diffusion is correct?
What role does competition play in facilitated diffusion?
What role does competition play in facilitated diffusion?
What is the implication of a transport maximum in facilitated diffusion?
What is the implication of a transport maximum in facilitated diffusion?
Which of the following substances is specifically transported by glucose transporters?
Which of the following substances is specifically transported by glucose transporters?
Which factor does NOT influence the criteria for facilitated diffusion?
Which factor does NOT influence the criteria for facilitated diffusion?
What happens when a carrier protein is saturated?
What happens when a carrier protein is saturated?
In facilitated diffusion, which type of transport occurs specifically for amino acids?
In facilitated diffusion, which type of transport occurs specifically for amino acids?
What would likely occur if D-galactose were present during the transport of D-glucose?
What would likely occur if D-galactose were present during the transport of D-glucose?
Which process is primarily involved in the transport of urea across the cell membrane?
Which process is primarily involved in the transport of urea across the cell membrane?
Flashcards
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Movement of substances across a membrane without the use of energy, from high to low concentration.
Importance of Transport
Importance of Transport
Transport is crucial for supplying tissues with nutrients and oxygen, removing waste, and facilitating communication between tissues.
High to Low Concentration
High to Low Concentration
Substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in passive transport.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Capillary Membrane
Capillary Membrane
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Transport types
Transport types
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Types of Biological Membranes
Types of Biological Membranes
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Factors affecting diffusion rate
Factors affecting diffusion rate
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Permeability (P)
Permeability (P)
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Partition coefficient (K)
Partition coefficient (K)
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Diffusion coefficient (D)
Diffusion coefficient (D)
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Filtration in passive transport
Filtration in passive transport
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Simple Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Filtration (bulk flow)
Filtration (bulk flow)
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Solvent Drag
Solvent Drag
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Lipid Soluble Substance
Lipid Soluble Substance
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Channel
Channel
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Simple Diffusion Examples
Simple Diffusion Examples
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Saturation
Saturation
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Transport Maximum
Transport Maximum
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Stereo Specificity
Stereo Specificity
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Competition
Competition
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Glucose Transporter
Glucose Transporter
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Amino Acid Transporter
Amino Acid Transporter
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Urea Transporter
Urea Transporter
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Substance transported via facilitated diffusion
Substance transported via facilitated diffusion
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Faculty of Medicine
- Academic Year: 2024-2025
- Year: 1
- Semester: 1
- Module: Human Body Function (HBF) 102
Passive Transport
- Topic: Passive Transport
- Instructor: Ashraf Algendy, Professor of Medical Physiology
- Objectives:
- Clarify the importance of biological transport.
- List biological membranes that encircle different compartments of the body fluid.
- List different types of transport.
- List and describe different types of passive transport.
- Describe different types of passive transport.
Importance of Transport
- Supplies tissues with oxygen and nutrients
- Removes waste products and carbon dioxide
- Facilitates communication between different tissues
- Supports immunity
- Enables physiological function of secretory products
Transport Membranes
- Transport in the body occurs through two types of membranes:
- Capillary membrane (between plasma and tissue fluid (ISF))
- Cell membrane (between ICF and ISF)
- Specific diagrams of alveolar and capillary structures are provided
Types of Passive Transport
- Passive transport does not require energy.
- Substances move from high concentration to low concentration, also called "downhill transport".
Diffusion
- Ability of substances to fill available space or pass from high to low concentration.
- Downhill transport
- Examples of substances that can pass through membranes via simple diffusion include:
- CO2
- Types of simple diffusion
- Simple diffusion through aqueous channels
- Simple diffusion through lipid bilayer
- Simple diffusion of ions through channels
- Factors affecting Simple Diffusion
- Permeability
- Surface area
- Concentration gradient
- Fick's Law Formula : J = PA(CA-CB)
- J= net rate of diffusion , P= Permeability , A= Surface area , CA = Concentration A , CB= Concentration B
- Factors affecting permeability of membranes
- Partition Coefficient (K) = Ratio of solubility in oil to solubility in water
- Diffusion Coefficient (D) → described by Stokes Einstein equation
- Membrane thickness (X)
Facilitated Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion is aided transport, and transport exhibits a maximum rate (transport maximum)
- Substances move from high concentration to low concentration through a carrier protein.
- List of substances transported using facilitated diffusion: Glucose, Amino acids, etc.
- Characteristics of facilitated diffusion
- Saturation: A carrier has a limited number of binding sites for a solute.
- Stereo specificity: Each carrier is specific for a certain substance or a specific isomer of the molecule
- Competition: The specific binding site of a molecule on a carrier can be occupied by another chemically related substance, which may inhibit the transport of the original molecule
- Examples of Facilitated Diffusion -Glucose transporter in renal proximal convoluted tubule — only transports the D- isomer (natural) of glucose.
Filtration
- Passage of water from high-concentration to low-concentration area through a capillary membrane.
- Driven by hydrostatic pressure differences.
- Occurs across capillary membranes into tissue spaces and vice versa.
- Starling forces (Capillary hydrostatic pressure, Capillary oncotic pressure, Interstitial hydrostatic pressure and Interstitial oncotic pressure).
Solvent Drag
- Diffusion of a solute following the diffusion of its solvent through a membrane.
- Solvent drags the solute after it.
- An example of solvent drag can be seen in the reabsorption of urea in the renal tubules when water is absorbed.
Summary
- Transport is a critical biological process.
- There are two types of transport, active and passive
Further Questions/Additional Information
- Which substance amongst CO2, Glucose, Amino acids, Protein and Polypeptide hormones can be transported by simple diffusion?
- Which substance can be transported by facilitated diffusion amongst CO2, O2, Steroids hormone, Amino acids and Polypeptide hormones?
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of biological transport in the body. This quiz covers passive and active transport, the mechanisms involved, and the factors influencing these processes. See how well you understand the activities that keep our tissues and organs functioning efficiently.
