Biological Theories of Ageism and Memory Changes

Study Notes

Biological Theories of Ageism

Wear and tear theory: Suggests aging is due to gradual physiological deterioration.
Cellular theory: Aging is linked to cellular damage and decline.
Genetic mutations theory: Age-related changes are influenced by alterations in genes.
Autoimmune theory: Aging is possibly related to the immune system's declining ability to function properly and attack the body's own tissues.

Memory Changes with Aging

Selective alteration: Memory changes may not affect all types of memory equally.
Divided attention: Older adults may have difficulty concentrating on multiple tasks simultaneously.
Sustained attention: The ability to remain focused over time may not worsen with age.

Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly

Type 2 diabetes: A risk factor for cognitive decline.
Smoking: Linked to a higher chance of cognitive impairment.
Depression: May contribute to cognitive decline.
Midlife obesity: Associated with increased risk for cognitive decline later in life.

Attitudes toward Death

Children (under 5): Death is viewed like sleep.
Children (5-10): Understand death as a permanent outcome.
Adolescents: View death as universal and irreversible.
Teenagers: Approach death with acceptance and dignity.
Older adults: May find acceptance of their own mortality.

Maintaining Brain Health

Reading: Promotes cognitive function.
Solving puzzles: Enhances mental exercise and potentially maintains brain health.
Learning musical instruments: A potentially beneficial activity for brain health.

Definition of Aging

A gradual, irreversible, and progressive decline in physical function over time.

Definition of Intelligence

The ability to solve problems using prior knowledge and present conditions.
The ability to solve problems and adapt to the environment.

Theories of Intelligence

Charles Spearman: Proposed a general intelligence factor (g factor).
Louis Thurstone: Developed the theory of primary mental abilities.
Howard Gardner: Suggested the existence of multiple intelligences.
Robert Sternberg: Proposes a triarchic theory of intelligence.

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Visual-spatial intelligence: Ability to perceive the world visually and spatially.
Verbal-linguistic intelligence: Ability to use spoken and written language.
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence: Ability to use the body skillfully.
Logical-mathematical intelligence: Ability to reason logically and solve mathematical problems.
Interpersonal intelligence: Ability to understand and interact with others.
Musical intelligence: Ability to perceive and create music.
Intrapersonal intelligence: Understanding one's own emotions and motivations.
Naturalistic intelligence: Understanding the natural world.

Factors Determining Intelligence

Genetics: Accounts for approximately 70%.
Environment: Accounts for approximately 30%.

Description

This quiz explores key biological theories related to ageism, including the wear and tear theory, cellular theory, and genetic mutations theory. It also examines how memory changes with aging and identifies risk factors for cognitive decline in the elderly. Test your knowledge on these important topics in gerontology!