Biological Psychology Overview
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Biological Psychology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system primarily processes sensory information and coordinates responses?

  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Central Nervous System (correct)
  • Endocrine System

    • What are the basic units of the nervous system that transmit electrical and chemical signals?

  • Synapses
  • Glial cells
  • Axons
  • Neurons (correct)

    • Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

  • Acetylcholine
  • Serotonin (correct)
  • GABA
  • Dopamine

    • What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit signals across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To facilitate signal transmission across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amygdala is known for its role in which of the following functions?

    <p>Processing emotions and stress responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic speeds up processes, while parasympathetic slows them down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain connected?

    <p>By the corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with mood regulation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amygdala?

    <p>Emotion regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight'?

    <p>Sympathetic Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic feature of a typical neuron?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is most associated with memory and learning?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the peripheral nervous system (PNS) from the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>The PNS consists of cranial and spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system manages involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in biological psychology?

    <p>To influence emotions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option accurately describes a neuron that has a myelin sheath?

    <p>Transmits impulses more efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for signal transmission across a synapse?

    <p>Neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is NOT one of the primary four lobes?

    <p>Cingulate lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

    <p>To coordinate sensory information and responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the spinal cord terminate?

    <p>At the first and second lumbar vertebrae interspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the cerebral hemispheres is correct?

    <p>The two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Nerves and ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communication is most common between neurons?

    <p>Chemical communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

    <p>Regulates visceral activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of cranial nerves are present in the brain?

    <p>12 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the amygdala play in the brain?

    <p>Integrates overt behavior, autonomic responses, and hormonal response during stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to which brain structure affects the processing of memories related to emotion?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

    <p>To increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of pairs of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord?

    <p>31 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biological Psychology

    • Studies the connection between biological processes and behaviors, emotions, and cognition.
    • Key Focus Areas:
      • Brain structures (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus)
      • Nervous system (CNS & PNS)
      • Endocrine system
      • Neurotransmitters and hormones

    Neurons

    • Basic units of the nervous system
    • Transmit electrical and chemical signals
    • Composed of dendrites, axon, and cell body

    Neurotransmitters

    • Chemicals that transmit signals across synapses
    • Examples: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine

    Synaptic Transmission

    • The process by which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross the synapse, and bind to receptors on another neuron.

    Brain Structures

    • Amygdala: Regulates emotions and stress responses
    • Hippocampus: Involved in memory and learning
    • Lobes: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

    Nervous System Divisions

    • CNS: Brain and spinal cord
    • PNS: Somatic (voluntary control) and autonomic (involuntary functions)

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Sympathetic Division: Prepares body for "fight or flight"
    • Parasympathetic Division: Supports "rest and digest" functions

    Endocrine System

    • Glands that release hormones
    • Influences mood, metabolism, growth, and sexual development

    Importance of Biological Psychology

    • Helps understand how biological factors influence behaviors
    • Provides insights into mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety)

    Biological Psychology vs. Physiological Psychology

    • Biological Psychology examines how physiological processes relate to psychological phenomena
    • Physiological Psychology investigates how different brain regions control various behaviors and mental processes

    Classify the Nervous System Structurally

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves

    General Features of a Neuron

    • Vary in size and shape
    • Share certain features: Dendrites, A cell body, An axon

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • Brain and spinal cord
    • Receives sensory input, integrates information, directs motor responses

    Brain

    • Controls sensory perception, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
    • Composed of lobes: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

    The Spinal Cord

    • Slender column of nervous tissue continuous with brain and brainstem
    • Extends downward through vertebral canal
    • Begins at the foramen magnum and terminates at the first and second lumbar vertebrae (L1/L2) interspace

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.
    • Brain contains 12 pairs of cranial nerves
    • Spinal cord contains 31 pairs of peripheral nerves

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Functions without conscious effort
    • Controls visceral activities
    • Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
    • Two divisions:
      • Sympathetic Division: Speeds up bodily processes (fight or flight)
      • Parasympathetic Division: Slows down bodily processes (rest and digest)

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in biological psychology, focusing on the connections between biological processes and behavior. Learn about critical brain structures, neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and the divisions of the nervous system. Test your understanding of how these elements impact cognition and emotion.

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